KSHP. OMD №3-2026 el.dop

I. N. Glukhikh, T. Yu. Chernysheva, G. B. Barskaya, L. N. Bakanovskaya, V. S. Borodin (University of Tyumen, Tyumen)

Multi-agent decision support system for climate risk management in mechanical engineering based on the RAG-architecture

An architecture for multi-agent decision support system designed for automated climate risk management at mechanical engineering enterprises has been proposed and implemented. The developed solution performs semantic search and comprehensive analysis of diverse regulatory and technical documents, identifies potential vulnerabilities of process equipment to changing climate parameters, and generates engineering-based adaptation recommendations. 
Keywords: decision support system; climate risks; mechanical engineering; RAG architecture; multi-agent system; large language models; semantic search.

 

Yu. G. Pasternak, D. K. Proskurin, S. M. Fedorov, E. A. Ishchenko (Voronezh State Technical University, Voronezh)

In-phase antenna array of truncated parabolic antennas

This article presents a co-phased antenna array consisting of truncated parabolic antennas. For a frequency of 12,5 GHz, the directivity of the system is 32,85 dBi. The main lobe of the system's radiation pattern is formed with a width of 3,3°. The side lobe level (SLL) of the antenna system is –13,8 dB. The materials from which the antenna system is manufactured are specified, and the possibility of manufacturing a reflective array using pressure treatment is considered. The development is a relatively low-cost solution with decent characteristics, good manufacturability, and a low cost.
Keywords: parabolic antenna; in-phase array; polarization control; satellite communications.

R. R. Basyrov, G. R. Nugumanov (Kazan Federal University – Naberezhnye Chelny Institute, Naberezhnye Chelny); G. A. Gareeva (KNRTU-KAI’s Branch in Naberezhnye Chelny, Naberezhnye Chelny); A. F. Ziyatdinov (University of Management «TISBI» (Naberezhnye Chelny branch), Naberezhnye Chelny); D. A. Grigorieva (Kazan State Power Engineering University, Kazan)

Technology for reducing thermal load on automotive engine components

This article focuses on improving the cooling efficiency of automotive engine pistons by adjusting and modifying the design of the oil injector. The need to maintain optimal piston temperature for overall engine durability and performance is substantiated. The injector flow path was analyzed, and design modifications were proposed to achieve a velocity profile at the injector outlet that is as close as possible to an axisymmetric shape. Based on the results of numerical simulations, the injector flow path was modified to ensure an axisymmetric jet at the outlet.
Keywords: cooling system; piston; engine; oil injector.

 

Yu. G. Pasternak, D. K. Proskurin, S. M. Fedorov, E. A. Ishchenko (Voronezh State Technical University, Voronezh)

Linear array of two parabolic segments with smooth and synchronous mechanical control of two orthogonal linear polarizations

This article presents a linear array consisting of two parabolic segments with smooth and synchronous mechanical control of two orthogonal linear polarizations (one for reception, the other for transmission). A choke-flange feed is used. Electrodynamic modeling showed that the directivity of the choke-flange feed for a frequency of 12,5 GHz was equal to 10,5 isotropic dB. For a frequency of 14,3 GHz, the directivity of the entire system was equal to 29,98 isotropic dB. The side lobe level (SLL) was equal to –14,1 dB. The materials from which the antenna system is manufactured are specified, and the possibility of fabricating the system components by pressure treatment is considered.
Keywords: linear array; parabolic antenna; linear polarization, orthogonal polarization.

 

S. V. Mikhailova (Industrial University of Tyumen, Tyumen)

Influence of alloying elements on the hardened layer formation during induction hardening of stepped parts

This work continues a study devoted to the uniformity of induction hardening of conical and stepped components. The objective of the study is to establish patterns of influence of steel chemical composition on structure formation, hardness, and residual stress distribution during induction hardening of stepped components. Four grades of structural steel were studied: 45 (base carbon), 40X (chromium), 40XN (chromium-nickel), and 38XM (chromium-molybdenum). Experiments were conducted on stepped specimens (steps of Ø 60 and Ø 40 mm) with varying travel speed. It was found that the optimal travel speed decreases with increasing alloying level but maximum surface hardness increases in the following series. The depth of the hardened layer correlates with hardenability and is 1,8; 2,2; 2,8 and 3,2 mm, respectively, for the optimal modes. Metallographic analysis confirmes the formation of finely dispersed martensite with a needle size that decreases with the introduction of alloying elements. Practical recommendations for selecting the IPZ modes for the studied steels when hardening stepped parts.
Keywords: induction hardening; stepped parts; alloy steels; hardenability; 

 

G. Muze (Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow)

A mechanism for compensating for coolant seepage during microscopic cutting edge deformations under the influence of a transient temperature field

This work examines a dynamic mechanism for compensating for coolant seepage during high-speed cutting, when a transient temperature field generates microscopic thermoelastic deformations of the cutting edge. The chip-tool contact is proposed to be considered as a self-oscillating thermomechanical system in which microgaps are modulated at high frequency, and the permeability of capillary channels is determined not only by the opening size but also by the rate at which it changes. Experiments were conducted on 12Kh18N10T austenitic steel using VK8 carbide inserts coated with TiAlN. Temperatures, microdeformations, and coolant flow were recorded simultaneously using high-speed imaging, laser interferometry, and vibrometry with millisecond resolution. A dataset of 450 series was statistically processed and verified using finite element modeling. A nonlinear feedback loop was discovered between fluid flow rate and edge deformation: the inflection point was found near 610°C, while at higher temperatures, pressure pulsations increased and signs of vapor locking appeared – a pattern consistent with thermal locking of microchannels. Increasing the feed pressure increased film thickness even as viscosity dropped, but the effect saturated and was accompanied by an increase in heat flux and shear rates, reaching non-Newtonian flow regimes. Temperature fluctuations prove to be a critical destabilizing factor: with increasing frequency, both the average friction coefficient and its spread increased, leading to chaotic alternation of dry and wet contact – a consequence of inertial «high-frequency rejection» of the fluid. A «stability window» (approximately up to 600 °C, up to 500 Hz) has been identified, within which predictive, phase-synchronized pulsed coolant delivery with pressure pulsation damping is advisable.
Keywords: cutting fluid; cutting edge microdeformations; transient temperature field; thermomechanical vibrations; high-speed cutting.

 

Yu. G. Pasternak, D. K. Proskurin, S. M. Fedorov, E. A. Ishchenko (Voronezh State Technical University, Voronezh)

Antenna system of patch radiators with two orthogonal linear polarizations

This article presents an antenna system consisting of patch radiators with two orthogonal linear polarizations. The antenna system is based on the use of two aplanatic lenses. Electrodynamic modeling of the antenna system at a frequency of 12 GHz for the middle port revealed a directivity of 20,49 dB. The sidelobe level (SLL) of the antenna system at a frequency of 12 GHz during electrodynamic modeling is –10,5 dB. The design under consideration has the capability of switching scanning in azimuth. Depending on the fed port, the beam pattern can deviate from the initial radiation direction. The materials from which the antenna system is manufactured are specified, and the possibility of fabricating antenna components by pressure treatment is considered.
Keywords: switching scanning; aplanatic lens; patch emitters; orthogonal linear polarization.

 

G. A. Gareeva (KNRTU-KAI’s Branch in Naberezhnye Chelny, Naberezhnye Chelny); A. G. Fayzullina, A. R. Novikova (Kazan Federal University – Naberezhnye Chelny Institute, Naberezhnye Chelny); I. I. Frolova, A. A. Mirsaitova (Kazan Innovative University named after V. G. Timiryasov, Naberezhnye Chelny)

Creating an automated control system for ventilation units based on the Kinko controller

This article discusses the implementation of an automated control system for supply and exhaust ventilation based on the Kinco controller for industrial control automation. The program is implemented with an HMI interface developed in DTools and configured for Modbus data exchange via the KincoBuilder environment. The development stages, system architecture, and results achieved are described in detail.
Keywords: automation; ventilation; Kinco; DTools; KincoBuilder; Modbus; industrial control; SCADA.

 

A. K. Petrosyan (NUST MISIS, Moscow); M. Oh. Alimova (PJSC «TMK», Moscow)

Actual status and scientific and technical prerequisites for recycling in wheel steel production and non-metallic inclusion management

This article examines the scientific and technical aspects of ensuring the metallurgical quality of wheel steel in the context of an increasing share of secondary metallurgical raw materials. It is shown that the operational reliability of railway wheels operating under contact fatigue loading is determined not only by the mechanical properties and structural homogeneity of the metal, but also by the characteristics of non-metallic inclusions, including their chemical nature, morphology, size distribution, and the likelihood of critical defect formation. Particular attention is paid to the probabilistic nature of the deterioration in metallurgical quality with an increased share of recycling, manifested in an increased risk of rare large inclusions and clusters, which have a decisive impact on the fatigue life of products. A methodological approach to the study and assessment of inclusion purity in wheel steel is formulated, based on a combination of quantitative metallography, statistical analysis, and electron microscopy methods with microanalysis. It is shown that systematic control of oxygen potential, slag conditions, and inclusion modification parameters is a key condition for industrially feasible recycling without degrading the performance properties of wheel products.
Keywords: wheel steel; metallurgical quality; non-metallic inclusions; recycling; secondary metallurgical raw materials; secondary oxidation; oxygen potential; metal–slag interaction; calcium modification; inclusion clustering; contact fatigue; fatigue life; extreme value statistics; ladle treatment; slag conditions; steel casting.

 

D. V. Kolesnikova (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

Current aspects of digitalization in mechanical engineering and metallurgical production processes

This article examines contemporary aspects of digitalization in the optimization of production processes within mechanical engineering and metallurgy, as well as in human resource management. Particular emphasis is placed on assessing the potential and best practices associated with the application of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in production management. The study seeks to evaluate the impact of artificial intelligence and big data technologies on the competitiveness and sustainable development of industrial enterprises. A conceptual analysis of open information and analytical sources, including digital resources, industry publications, and materials from professional events, is undertaken. This analysis made it possible to identify key developmental trends, as well as persistent problem areas and unresolved issues. The findings demonstrate practical relevance for the advancement of strategic and innovation management approaches and may be applied in the design and implementation of digitalization programs at both corporate and industry levels.
Keywords: artificial intelligence; processes’ automation ; production digitalization; digital twin; machine learning; Internet of Things (IoT); Process Mining.

 

L. F. Shaybakova, E. A. Skvortsov, G. M. Morozova (Ural State University of Economics, Yekaterinburg)

Evaluation and optimization of pricing for export products in copper production

Russian copper products are in demand in the global copper and copper product markets. Pricing for exports in the Russian copper industry is based on full cost accounting. This approach does not always allow for competitive pricing of manufactured products. The relevance of this study lies in its examination of the theory and practice of copper product pricing, the results of which have practical implications for Russian copper and copper product manufacturers. They enable organizations to not only set competitive prices but also incorporate a profitability factor into their pricing that facilitates future growth.
Keywords: copper production; pricing; export products; kaizen costing method; purchased semi-finished products.

 

A. I. Galkin (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

Industrial modernization management based on data from digital platforms and digital twins of enterprises and industries

The article is devoted to industrial modernization management based on data from digital platforms and digital twins, considered as a key factor in increasing the efficiency of capital-intensive projects, operational performance, and market value of industrial companies. The aim of the study is to quantitatively assess the impact of the level of digital maturity, the depth of digital twins implementation, and the integration of industrial data platforms on ROIC, OEE, energy efficiency, product quality, and investment attractiveness of enterprises. The empirical base consists of depersonalized financial and operational reporting data of 1,458 enterprises in manufacturing, energy, and mining industries for 2018–2023, supplemented by sectoral and macroeconomic statistics; the study employed an integral digital maturity index (adapting the Acatech methodology), panel regression models with fixed effects, DEA analysis, Monte Carlo simulation, and t- and U-tests for group comparisons. The results show that systematic use of digital twins reduces CAPEX budget overruns from 14,67 to 2,84 %, shortens the time to reach design capacity by almost 19 %, increases project ROIC by 5,22 p. p., and improves asset turnover; implementation of data management platforms increases OEE by 21,5 %, reduces specific energy consumption by 18,7 %, decreases defect rates by more than 60 %, and lowers maintenance costs by 30 %. Market analysis revealed a sustainable «digital premium»: leading companies are valued at an EV/EBITDA multiple almost twice that of traditional firms, with a lower Beta coefficient and accelerated revenue growth driven by digital services. A nonlinear pattern of digitalization returns was identified, with a «valley of death» phase followed by an exponential efficiency growth trajectory, as well as a widening gap between leaders and laggards. The conclusion is made about the need to consider digital platforms and digital twins as strategic infrastructure for modernization management, integrating them into investment models that account for real options and interoperable industrial data architecture.
Keywords: digital platforms; digital twins; industrial modernization; data-driven management; operational efficiency.

 

N. G. Urasova (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow) 

Asymmetric behavior of industrial enterprises' costs in the context of digital transformation: factors, mechanisms, and empirical estimates

This paper examines the phenomenon of cost stickiness in relation to Russian manufacturing companies. The phenomenon describes how commercial and administrative expenses decrease significantly more slowly during periods of declining revenue than they increase during periods of sales growth. This effect, first documented in the early 2000s for American companies, has subsequently been confirmed by studies across dozens of countries. However, the Russian industrial sector remains on the periphery of such analysis. The aim of this paper is to identify the factors that exacerbate or, conversely, dampen cost stickiness in domestic manufacturing companies and to separately assess the role of digital transformation. Methodologically, the study is based on a modified ABJ (Anderson-Banker-Janakiraman) model, supplemented with variables related to digitalization, capital intensity, and corporate governance quality. The empirical base is a panel of 126 public companies for 2018–2025 (894 observations; sources: SPARK-Interfax, annual reports, Rosstat). An average asymmetry coefficient of 0,19 is obtained: with a 1% decline in revenue, SG&A expenses fall by only 0,43%, while with a similar increase, they increase by 0,62%. Companies with high digital maturity have 34–41% lower stickiness than laggards. The mechanisms include more accurate demand forecasting, flexible workforce restructuring, and reduced equipment adaptation costs. Industry differences are significant: mechanical engineering has the highest stickiness, while the food industry has the lowest. The practical value of this work lies in its recommendations for integrating digital accounting tools into a strategic cost management system.
Keywords: asymmetric cost behavior; cost stickiness; digital transformation; management costs; industrial enterprises; capital intensity; cost management.

 

E. I. Baldina (Kamyshinsky Institute of Technology (branch) Volgograd State Technical University, Kamyshin); Ya. I. Vaslavskiy (MGIMO University), Moscow); A. V. Aleshkov (Pacific National University, Khabarovsk)

Economic and managerial effects of implementing the PLM concept in an industrial enterprise

This article examines improving the quality of industrial enterprise management through the implementation of PLM, an approach based on centralizing all information about the company's products in a single information space. The specifics of implementing PLM management at an industrial enterprise are discussed. The dynamics of individual enterprise performance indicators following the implementation of product lifecycle management software are analyzed, and key areas for improving enterprise management quality within the context of using modern software are proposed.
Keywords: automated enterprise management system, product lifecycle management, quality management, innovation management.

 

O. V. Panina (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

Mechanisms of resilience of industrial enterprises and supply chains: risk management of import dependence, logistical disruptions and cyber threats

The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the resilience mechanisms of industrial enterprises and their supply chains under conditions of increasing risks of import dependence, logistical disruptions, and cyber threats, as well as the shift in focus from operational efficiency to operational resilience. The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of logistical, structural, and cyber risks on companies' financial performance and market value and to develop an integrated resilience model. The empirical base includes data from 482 enterprises in mechanical engineering, chemical industry, metallurgy, and pharmaceuticals for 2018–2024, official statistics, cybersecurity reports, and the results of expert interviews. Methodologically, the systemic approach, econometric modeling (multiple regression, panel data), graph analysis of logistics networks, a modified Herfindahl–Hirschman Index to assess supplier concentration, stress testing using the Monte Carlo method, the calculation of the ROSI indicator, and the author’s Integrated Resilience Index (IRI) based on the analytic hierarchy process are applied. It is shown that the share of logistics costs in revenue during the crisis period nearly doubles, and the elasticity of EBITDA with respect to logistics expenses (–1,45) indicates extreme sensitivity of operating profit to supply chain disruptions; the increase in import dependence is accompanied by a sharp rise in inventory turnover duration and a decline in liquidity, leading to the «freezing» of working capital. A nonlinear return on investment in cybersecurity has been established: the transition to advanced and adaptive cybersecurity models ensures a multiple reduction in downtime and a positive ROI, while the contribution of cyber resilience to IRI increased from 15 to 35 % over two years. Companies implementing integrated risk management demonstrate three times lower EBITDA volatility, lower cost of debt capital, and accelerated growth of capitalization. It is concluded that there is a need to move from fragmented measures to an integrated resilience model combining localization of critical components, diversification of suppliers, development of national ecosystems, and strengthening of cyber resilience as key elements of strategic management.
Keywords: resilience of industrial enterprises; supply chains; import dependence; logistical risks; cyber resilience.

 

N. L. Krasyukova (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

Effectiveness of cluster policy and development of the industrial ecosystem as drivers of productivity and export growth under conditions of limited access to external markets

The article is devoted to the quantitative assessment of the extent to which cluster policy and the development of industrial ecosystems act as drivers of labor productivity and export growth in Russian industry under sanctions restrictions and limited access to external capital and technology markets. The purpose of the study is to measure the influence of enterprise participation in clusters and the level of ecosystem maturity on indicators of productivity, total factor performance, export resilience, and investment efficiency. The empirical base consists of anonymized microdata from 1,258 industrial enterprises across seven federal districts for 2018–2024, including both cluster residents and a comparable control group of autonomous firms. The methodological framework relies on Difference-in-Differences for evaluating the treatment effect of cluster participation, stochastic frontier analysis and the Malmquist index for measuring total factor productivity, network analysis to identify cooperation structures, fixed effects regression models to estimate the “ecosystem premium,” as well as regional clustering by industrial policy parameters. It is shown that participants in developed ecosystems significantly outperform autonomous enterprises in terms of revenue per employee, EBITDA profitability, and R&D share, while their working capital cycle is shortened by approximately one and a half months, freeing up substantial circulating resources. Export-oriented clusters recover physical export volumes more rapidly, demonstrate greater complexity of the export basket, and have shorter foreign exchange revenue repatriation periods. Cluster projects are characterized by increased ROIC, a high profit reinvestment ratio, and a CAPEX/depreciation ratio above one, forming a contour of extended reproduction; at the same time, significant intracluster differentiation and partial dependence of some residents on government support are revealed. It is concluded that the cluster model, under conditions of external isolation, becomes a key mechanism for maintaining competitiveness, and the focus of industrial policy should shift from extensive growth in the number of clusters and tax incentives toward managing ecosystem risks, developing cooperative linkages, equalizing participants’ digital maturity, and promoting joint investment and R&D projects.
Keywords: cluster policy; industrial ecosystems; labor productivity; export resilience; investment efficiency.

 

S. G. Eremin (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow) 

Assessment of the impact of industrial support programs: selection of causal analysis methodology, construction of metrics, and use of administrative data

The article is devoted to the development and empirical testing of a methodological approach to assessing the impact of state industrial support programs on the financial, investment, and fiscal performance of manufacturing enterprises based on administrative data. The aim of the study is to quantitatively measure the causal effect of subsidies, preferential loans, and grants on the dynamics of profitability, investment activity, employment, and tax revenues while overcoming the problems of endogeneity and self-selection. The empirical base consists of complete microdata from the Federal Tax Service and the registers of the Ministry of Industry and Trade for more than 45 thousand enterprises for 2017–2023, supplemented by Rosstat statistics; methods of pseudo-randomization (PSM), panel models with fixed effects, Difference-in-Differences, local regression discontinuity design, and instrumental variables were applied. The results show a statistically significant but moderate increase in operational efficiency: the DiD estimate for ROA is about +0,67 percentage points, for return on sales–almost +1 percentage point, accompanied by improvements in liquidity and capital structure, which indicates a partial use of support to strengthen financial stability. In the investment block, a «crowding-in» effect is recorded: CAPEX elasticity with respect to subsidies exceeds one, and the rate of fixed asset renewal and the share of R&D in revenue among beneficiaries are more than twice as high as in the control group, showing a shift toward a more knowledge-intensive growth model. Fiscal analysis reveals a significant increase in tax payments and the wage fund; however, the cost of creating one workplace is high, and budgetary payback is achieved only within a 5–7-year horizon, forming a J-curve of efficiency. The discussion of the results highlights pronounced heterogeneity of effects: the highest marginal return is observed among medium-sized firms and projects with a high share of R&D, whereas support for large conglomerates and «zombie enterprises» demonstrates low or zero performance. The conclusion emphasizes the need to transition from a formally reporting approach to a risk-oriented program design, to standardize metrics of budgetary, technological, and social efficiency, and to institutionalize the use of administrative data and causal methods in the decision-making cycle of industrial policy.
Keywords: industrial policy; efficiency assessment; causal analysis; administrative data; government support.

 

M. M. Imamov, N. B. Semenikhina (Kazan Federal University, Kazan)

Smart specialization strategies and priorities of scientific and technological discussion as a basis for coordination of regional agenda and corporate innovation portfolios of industrial companies

This article examines the coordination mechanisms between regional smart specialization strategies and industrial enterprises' innovation portfolios in the context of scientific and technological development priorities. The relevance of this work stems from the persistent inconsistency in government innovation support instruments at the national, regional, and corporate levels, as noted in the 2024 Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation. The aim of the study is to identify factors that align regional innovation priorities and corporate R&D portfolios based on an analysis of European regional practices and adaptive capabilities for Russian federal subjects. The methodological framework includes a comparative institutional analysis, a content analysis of strategic documents from 20 pilot regions of the Russian Federation, and a clustering of regional innovation systems based on the alignment of S3 priorities with local competencies. The empirical part covers the period 2021–2025 and includes data from Rosstat, the European Innovation Scoreboard, and financial statements from major industrial holdings. The results demonstrate that the degree of alignment between corporate R&D and regional priorities varies from 23 to 67 %, depending on the density of innovation infrastructure, the intensity of entrepreneurial search processes, and the presence of formalized coordination mechanisms. Three alignment models are identified: directive (federal priorities determine corporate priorities), partnership (joint agenda-setting), and autonomous (weak links between levels). Regions with a high share of university and industry research institute participation in EDP procedures demonstrated an 18–24 % higher conversion of R&D into commercial products. The practical significance of this study lies in the development of indicators for monitoring the alignment of innovation portfolios and regional strategies for the public administration system.
Keywords: smart specialization; regional innovation system; corporate R&D; scientific and technological development; entrepreneurial search; innovation portfolio; industrial policy.

 

S. N. Silvestrov, S. A. Pobyvaev, N. E. Kotova, T. K. Chernysheva, S. B. Reshetnikov (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

The regional dimension of state strategic enterprise management and the balance of interests at the federal and local levels in the creation of clusters of industrial parks and special economic zones

The research is aimed at identifying mechanisms for coordinating the interests of the federal center and the subjects of the Russian Federation in the formation of territorial production structures of a new type – clusters of industrial parks and special economic zones. The relevance of the issue is determined by the growing interregional differentiation of investment activity: the gap between the top ten and the last ten subjects of the Russian Federation in terms of industrial production per capita increased 1.5 times over the period 2017–2023. The methodology is based on a combination of an institutional analysis of the regulatory framework for the regulation of preferential regimes, statistical processing of data from the Association of Industrial Parks of Russia and the Ministry of Economic Development for 2013-2025, as well as comparative analysis of regional practices for stimulating investment activity. As key results, it was found that the fivefold increase in the number of industrial parks (from 80 to 454 units) was accompanied by the concentration of 50 % of sites in eight leading regions, while the accumulated investments of residents exceeded 2 trillion rubles. An imbalance has been identified between federal spatial development priorities and regional investment attraction strategies, manifested in a lack of coordination mechanisms and duplication of preferential treatment. A multilevel coordination model is proposed that integrates the instruments of industrial mortgages, special treasury loans, and targeted inter-budget transfers. The practical significance lies in the justification of the transition from point preferences to the systematic management of industrial infrastructure on a macro-regional scale.
Keywords: industrial parks; special economic zones; cluster policy; spatial development; multilevel management; regional economy; industrial infrastructure.

 

M. P. Bondarenko (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

Digital marketing capabilities and firm adaptation to reconfiguration of cross-border trade flows: Empirical evidence from EAEU markets

The restructuring of international trade routes and the growing momentum of regional integration within the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) are challenging companies to fundamentally reassess their marketing competencies. This article examines the role digital marketing capabilities (DMC) play in maintaining firms' competitive positions in a rapidly changing foreign trade environment. The study aims to uncover the structure of DMC and elucidate how these capabilities influence the performance of consumer and B2B companies in the EAEU markets. The study's methodological basis is a survey of 214 companies from Russia, Kazakhstan, and Belarus, followed by data processing using a PLS-SEM modeling approach. A content analysis of the corporate marketing strategies of 30 export-oriented enterprises is also conducted. The empirical base covers the period 2022–2025. Evidence is obtained that DMC has an independent and significant effect on firms' financial performance, over and above the contribution of classic marketing capabilities, with the depth of a company's integration into cross-border digital platforms proving to be a decisive moderator. Specifically, it is found that the active use of analytical tools (predictive modeling, ML segmentation) increases the return on marketing investments by 17–29 %, with the variation determined by industry specifics. From a practical perspective, the results allow us to propose a typology of adaptation strategies and a set of recommendations for prioritizing digital marketing investments in the context of regional integration.
Keywords: digital marketing capabilities; cross-border trade; EAEU; competitiveness; marketing analytics; adaptation of strategies; regional integration.

 

S. A. Tronin (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

Transformation of corporate financial strategies of Russian industrial companies in the context of restructuring of foreign trade relations

The study focuses on how corporate financial strategies in Russian industry are restructured following a radical shift in the geography of foreign trade in 2022–2025. The sheer scale of the changes speaks for itself: Asia absorbed over 70 % of exports, forcing companies to rapidly adapt their trade finance tools, revise their currency policies, and redesign their investment plans. The goal of the study is to construct a typology of adaptive financial strategies and measure the performance of each strategy across key financial metrics. The methodological framework includes a comparative financial analysis of the financial statements of 42 major industrial companies for 2021–2025, clustering of strategic models (k-means), and regression modeling of return on equity determinants with industry fixed effects. As a result, four stable strategy types are identified: export-diversification, import-substitution, integration (with a focus on the EAEU), and inertial. Those companies that embraced export diversification and simultaneously restructured their payment and settlement infrastructure increased their return on capital employed (ROCE) by 3,7 percentage points compared to 2021. The resulting picture points to the emergence of a fundamentally different model of corporate financial architecture–a model whose contours are determined by the logic of reorienting trade flows and the mechanisms of Eurasian economic integration.
Keywords: corporate financial strategies; foreign trade restructuring; trade finance; industrial companies; EAEU; currency policy; return on equity.

 

A. E. Virt (Kamyshinsky Institute of Technology (branch) Volgograd State Technical University, Kamyshin); Ya. I. Vaslavskiy (MGIMO University, Moscow); I. Yu. Vaslavskaya (Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan)

Theoretical and functional foundations for the formation of management tools for an industrial enterprise

This article analyzes various approaches to defining the essence of an industrial enterprise as a socio-economic system in the following areas: technical preparation of production, economic theory and law, systems theory, management, and marketing. The study identified a general set of enterprise socio-economic functions by group: information and legal, production, management and marketing, and social responsibility. Based on the analysis, provisions were developed for the development of industrial enterprise management tools in accordance with theoretical and functional approaches.
Keywords: industrial enterprise; enterprise functions; theoretical approach; functional approach; enterprise management tools.

 

N. L. Krasyukova (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

Coordination of industrial and science and technology policy for accelerating the diffusion of advanced manufacturing technologies and reducing the technological gap

The article examines the mechanisms of coordination between industrial and science and technology policy as a key condition for accelerating the diffusion of advanced manufacturing technologies and narrowing the technological gap between sectors and regions. The aim of the study is to provide a quantitative assessment of the impact of various government support instruments and the institutional environment on the rate of AMT adoption, the efficiency of transforming investments into value added, and the dynamics of regional technological convergence. The empirical base consists of statistical series from international organizations and national statistical agencies for 2018–2024, data from 124 large industrial enterprises, as well as the results of expert surveys of technical managers, processed using correlation–regression analysis, a modified Bass model for assessing technology diffusion, DEA analysis of the efficiency of regional support systems, cluster analysis, the principal component method, discounted cash flow analysis, and scenario modeling. It is shown that the diffusion coefficients of AMT and EBITDA growth vary significantly across industries: electronics demonstrates high output elasticity to R&D and minimal implementation periods, whereas capital-intensive industries remain less receptive to innovation. Financial analysis revealed the advantage of indirect support instruments (tax incentives, technoparks, and clusters), which provide the highest investment leverage and project NPV, over direct subsidies and R&D grants, which show a high share of unsuccessful projects and a crowding-out effect on private capital. The calculation of the technological saturation index indicated increasing regional divergence and intensifying technological stratification, while the strong dependence of growth rates on the ability to attract private investment per unit of public funds confirms the critical role of institutional quality. The conclusion emphasizes the need to shift the focus from expanding funding volumes to strengthening the absorptive capacity of recipients, to target grants exclusively at early research stages, and to reallocate support toward infrastructural and cluster formats that ensure a sustainable reduction of the technological gap.
Keywords: industrial policy; science and technology policy; technology diffusion; advanced manufacturing technologies; technological gap.

 

Yu. A. Krupnov (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow); E. V. Ganebnykh (Vyatka State University, Kirov); Ye. A. Gordeyeva (K. Kulazhanov Kazakh University of Technology and Business, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan)

Production line upgrades in sustainable development strategy for the industrial enterprises

At the current stage of Russian economic development, enterprise modernization and the search for effective management methods are the strategic necessity, ensuring sustainable development and long-term competitiveness. Experience shows that companies that carryout timely upgrades to their machinery and transition to digital management methods achieve higher labor productivity and reduced costs. This study aims to develop a systems approach that considers technological, economic, and organizational perspectives on production line upgrades as a key element of industrial enterprise development strategy, particularly in the defense industry. This article examines technical, economic, and organizational approaches to production line upgrades and analyzes the characteristics of foreign models for improving the efficiency of defense industry enterprises in comparison with domestic ones. It concludes that it is necessary to combine the strategic stability and control inherent in the domestic system with the flexibility and innovative dynamics characteristic of foreign approaches to improve current efficiency and develop long-term competitive advantages in the defense industry.
Keywords: production line upgrade; modernization; machinery; sustainable development; development strategy; defense industry complex.

V. B. Frolova (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

ESG factors in industrial enterprise financial and operational risk management: empirical evidence and prospects for integration into Russian industrial practice

This article examines the impact of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors on industrial enterprises' financial and operational risks. Particular attention is paid to how ESG considerations can be integrated not only into borrowing, but also into investment planning, asset management, industrial safety, procurement, and creditor relations. This topic is gaining practical significance amid growing requirements for non-financial disclosure, rising costs of capital-intensive modernization, and increasing climate transition risks for carbon-intensive industries. It also provides a quantitative assessment of the relationship between financial stability indicators and creditworthiness risk for Russian industrial enterprises and their degree of engagement in ESG practices. Recommendations for integrating ESG metrics into enterprise management are offered. The methodological framework includes a comparative analysis of 68 industrial companies for 2020–2025, a fixed-effects panel regression, and a content analysis of non-financial reports, credit covenants, and corporate sustainability policies. A statistically significant negative relationship was found between the presence of a formal ESG policy and the share of overdue liabilities, as well as the cost of debt. The effect is concentrated primarily in the segment of systemically important and largest industrial groups with long-term environmental modernization and industrial safety programs. For medium-sized enterprises, the impact is less economically pronounced, due to a lack of standardized data, weak formalization of ESG processes, and limited resources for comprehensive risk management. The practical value of this work lies in substantiating a step-by-step model for implementing ESG scoring in industrial enterprise management: from the assessment of production sites and suppliers to adjustments to investment projects, credit covenants, and internal KPIs.
Keywords: ESG factors; industrial enterprises; financial and production risk; creditworthiness; Non-financial reporting; industrial safety; climate stress testing; sustainable finance.

 

M. P. Bondarenko (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)  

Economic evaluation of the effectiveness of marketing investments in digital promotion channels: cost structure, attribution models and channel differentiation of return

This paper examines the economic return on marketing investments in digital promotion channels amid a profound structural restructuring of the advertising market. The problem that makes the study relevant is well known to practitioners: digital budgets are growing at an accelerated pace, but understanding the actual return on individual channels remains elusive–a point documented in numerous recent publications in leading marketing journals. The goal is to identify the differences in the economic efficiency of key digital channels and to determine the factors driving the gap between declared and actual ROI. Methodologically, the paper relies on a comparative analysis of industry statistics from the Russian and global advertising markets for 2022–2025 (ACAR, IAB, eMarketer, Statista), a systematization of empirical data from peer-reviewed publications across channels (email, SEO, contextual advertising, SMM, retail media, influencer marketing), and a substantive analysis of marketing attribution models. The results reveal a colossal range in return rates–from 36–42:1 for email marketing to a modest 2–4:1 for paid social media advertising. An inverse relationship is found between channel scalability and return per ruble invested. It is shown that switching from last-click to multi-touch attribution shifts up to 30 % of estimated effectiveness between channels–a figure difficult to ignore when budgeting. In Russia, explosive growth in retail media (+40 % in 2024) has been recorded, reshaping the competitive landscape for marketing budget allocation. The practical impact of this study is the substantiation of an approach to channel allocation that takes into account the customer journey stage and return horizon.
Keywords: digital marketing; cost effectiveness; return on marketing investment; attribution; retail media; marketing channels; customer journey.

 

G. A. Mashentseva (Kamyshinsky Institute of Technology (branch) Volgograd State Technical University, Kamyshin); S. A. Nesterenko, A. Yu. Savin (Melitopol State University, Melitopol); V. A. Sinyukov (Pacific National University, Khabarovsk)

Adaptive management of industrial enterprises as a factor of sustainability in unstable conditions

The article demonstrates that crisis transformations and enterprise adaptation are interconnected, parallel processes that form a unified mechanism for survival, development, and maintaining competitive advantages in unstable conditions. The authors systematize the key stages in the development of adaptation theory in economic space, analyze the contributions of researchers to the development of the modern concept of adaptability, and define the place of philosophical concepts in the theory of economic system management. They emphasize that managing an enterprise's economic system in unstable conditions should be viewed as an adaptive process that differs from traditional approaches in its flexibility and ability to account for destabilizing factors.
Keywords: adaptability; adaptive management; industrial enterprises; stoicism; Darwinism.

 

E. P. Kochetkov (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

Formation of a methodology for assessing the risk of bankruptcy of industrial organizations: a synthesis of economic and legal approaches

An analysis of the threat of bankruptcy in industrial organizations is conducted, and the results substantiate the importance of developing a modern methodology for assessing such a threat. The article develops a methodological approach to assessing the threat of bankruptcy of an industrial organization as an economic and legal phenomenon manifested not only in the deterioration of financial ratios, but also in the shift of stakeholder interactions into the domain of legally significant actions and bankruptcy procedures. The content of the category «threat of bankruptcy» is clarified, its stage-based nature is justified (early financial symptoms, activation of creditors’ actions, implementation of bankruptcy procedures), which makes it possible to link diagnostics to the event-driven logic of the bankruptcy process. It is demonstrated that domestic regulatory methodologies only to a limited extent capture the formation of a bankruptcy threat at early stages. A three-stage methodology for assessing the threat of bankruptcy is proposed, incorporating not only financial and economic analysis but also an analysis of legal events that may lead to the initiation of bankruptcy proceedings. It is argued that the use of adjusted indicators improves the interpretability of results and enables earlier identification of the threat compared with traditional ratios and classical bankruptcy prediction models. The findings expand the toolkit of financial and legal analysis and can be applied in corporate risk management and in preparing managerial decisions aimed either at preventing organizational bankruptcy or at exercising the right to file a bankruptcy petition.
Keywords: threat of bankruptcy of an industrial organization; assessment methodology; insolvency; bankruptcy indicators; threat of business destruction; threat to owners’ property interests; event analysis; restoration of solvency.

 

S. G. Eremin (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow); I. V. Babyna, (Francisk Skorina Gomel State University, Gomel, Republic of Belarus)

Assessment of the impact of subsidies, tax incentives, and regulatory regimes on fixed capital investment and the reboot of industrial growth

The article is devoted to the quantitative assessment of the impact of a set of government support instruments–subsidies, tax incentives, and special regulatory regimes–on fixed capital investment and the sustainability of industrial growth under conditions of heightened macroeconomic and institutional uncertainty and the need to ensure economic security in the investment sector. Based on depersonalized microdata from the financial statements of 14,580 industrial enterprises for 2016–2023, merged with registries of support recipients, a panel of firms of various industries and sizes is constructed and complemented with macroeconomic indicators. The methodology includes fixed-effects panel data models, difference-in-differences with the construction of a comparable control group using the propensity score matching method, dynamic models applying the GMM approach, machine learning elements for detecting nonlinearities and clustering investment behavior, as well as DCF analysis incorporating real options and input–output tables for evaluating multiplier effects. The obtained results demonstrate significant, though heterogeneous across sectors and business cycle phases, elasticity of investment with respect to the effective tax rate; the highest sensitivity is observed in high-tech industries, whereas resource-based and capital-intensive sectors respond more strongly to a decrease in the cost of borrowed capital. It is shown that interest rate compensation yields the highest investment multiplier and a low share of default projects, while direct grants are associated with a smaller crowd-in effect and a higher risk of moral hazard; R&D subsidies exhibit a «venture» profile with high variance of outcomes. Special regulatory regimes (territories of advanced development, industrial parks, special investment contracts) substantially shorten the pre-investment phase, increase the IRR, and accelerate project payback, while the synergy of simultaneous application of tax and regulatory incentives exceeds the simple sum of their individual effects. The discussion emphasizes the existence of thresholds in tax incentives, beyond which benefits translate into dividend growth, as well as the greater importance of predictability of rules and speed of procedures over the depth of fiscal reliefs, which justifies the transition toward differentiated, results-oriented industrial support regimes.
Keywords: subsidies; tax incentives; regulatory regimes; fixed capital investment; industrial growth.

 

A. B. Mottaeva (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

Digital mechanisms of sustainable development of mining enterprises in the regional cluster economy system

In the context of increasing spatial differentiation of socio-economic development, growing instability of commodity markets, and stricter environmental requirements, ensuring the sustainable development of mining enterprises within the framework of regional cluster development is becoming especially relevant. The specifics of resource-oriented regions, characterized by a high concentration of extractive industries, necessitate the transition to integrated management models based on cooperation, digitalization, and more efficient resource use. The purpose of the study is to develop and substantiate theoretical and methodological approaches to the formation of digital mechanisms for the sustainable development of mining enterprises under conditions of regional clustering. The article identifies the limitations of traditional management models related to fragmented production chains, insufficient digital integration, and a low level of intersectoral cooperation. The main directions of digital transformation are systematized, including the Industrial Internet of Things, big data analytics, and intelligent management systems that ensure the integration of enterprises within cluster structures. The hypothesis is that the use of digital mechanisms within regional industrial clusters contributes to the sustainability of mining enterprises by strengthening cooperative ties, optimizing resource use, reducing environmental impact, and increasing adaptability to external and internal challenges. A conceptual model reflecting the integration of digital and cluster mechanisms of sustainable development is proposed. The practical significance of the results lies in their applicability to regional industrial policy, cluster initiatives, and digital transformation strategies in extractive industries.
Keywords: mining industry; sustainable development; digitalization; cluster development; regional economy; Industrial Internet of Things; big data; digital transformation.

 

O. V. Suzeva (State University of Education; Moscow International University, Moscow); V. O. Kozhina, S. A. Izmailova (Moscow International University, Moscow)

Integration of digital technologies into the system of sustainable development of the mining industry

In the context of the increasing technological transformation of industry, stricter environmental requirements and growing instability of commodity markets, ensuring the sustainable development of mining enterprises based on digital solutions is of particular relevance. The specifics of the industry, associated with high capital intensity, difficult mining and geological conditions and increased requirements for industrial safety, limit the effectiveness of traditional management models and require their modernization. The purpose of the research is to develop and substantiate theoretical and methodological approaches to the integration of digital technologies into the system of sustainable development of mining enterprises. The article identifies the limitations of existing production and management models, systematizes the areas of application of digital solutions, including the industrial Internet of things, big data and intelligent control systems, and proposes a conceptual model of digital transformation. The hypothesis of the study is that the integration of digital technologies contributes to increasing the sustainability of mining enterprises by optimizing the use of resources, reducing environmental stress and increasing adaptability to external and internal influences. The practical significance of the results is related to the possibility of their use in the development of digital transformation strategies, sustainable development programs and industrial policy instruments in the mining industry. 
Keywords: mining industry; sustainable development; digitalization; industrial Internet of things; big data; digital transformation; resource efficiency; environmental sustainability.

 

N. A. Patutina, V. S. Kudryashov, S. P. Ivanova, S. A. Dzhendubaeva (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

Analysis of the main approaches to assessing the marketing potential of creative clusters

The article is devoted to the study of the marketing potential of creative clusters as a key element of regional and urban development strategies. The authors analyze five methodological approaches to assessing potential: resource-functional (focus on tangible and intangible assets), image-communication (the role of digital media and branding), value-oriented (socio-cultural influence), institutional (external regulatory conditions) and integral (integrated model). Using the example of creative clusters, the strengths and limitations of each method are demonstrated. Special attention is paid to the need to synthesize approaches to overcome the fragmentation of assessments. An integral approach combining quantitative and qualitative metrics is presented as a tool for predicting cluster stability in a dynamic environment. The results of the study emphasize that the successful development of creative clusters requires a balance between internal resources, image management, adaptation to institutional changes and the translation of socio-cultural values. The work is aimed at researchers, managers and urbanists interested in turning creative spaces into points of economic growth and cultural identity.
Keywords: creative clusters; marketing potential; integrated approach; sustainable development; resource-functional analysis; image strategies; institutional factors; socio-cultural values.

 

M. N. Kharitonova, Yu. V. Veselova, S. V. Chekuldova (Volga State Transport University, Nizhny Novgorod); Yu. V. Dvornikova (Odintsovo branch of MGIMO University, Odintsovo)  

Modeling of optimal investment dynamics in transport infrastructure

Transport infrastructure serves as a critical factor in regional socio-economic development, determining accessibility to basic services, shaping the territorial planning framework, and catalyzing business activity. Under conditions of limited budget resources and the need to justify long-term capital investments, the task of mathematical modeling of optimal investment trajectories becomes increasingly relevant. The study aims to develop a model of optimal investment dynamics management in transport infrastructure based on the calculus of variations. The methodology is based on the synthesis of a production function considering accumulated capital and labor resources with the apparatus of classical calculus of variations for determining extremal trajectories. The discounted functional of capital-labor ratio method was applied with subsequent solution of the Euler equation. As a result, a second-order homogeneous differential equation was obtained, determining the optimal capital-labor ratio trajectory considering depreciation rate, labor resource change rate, and discount coefficient. Integration of the model with a system of partial efficiency indicators (transport, economic, social, infrastructural) was proposed, allowing comprehensive assessment of investment returns. The influence of the discount coefficient on the optimal trajectory shape was demonstrated: its increase shifts the curve toward faster returns. Practical significance is determined by the possibility of using the model in forming regional investment programs for transport complex development.
Keywords: transport infrastructure; investment optimization; calculus of variations; regional development; multiplier effect; capital-labor ratio; Euler equation.

 

M. V. Masaleva, P. S. Balitsky, A. V. Tseluiko, O. N. Zaitsev, A. P. Tyurnikov (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

Human resources management models of an industrial company focused on the retention and development of key personnel competencies in the context of the transition to hybrid forms of employment and automation of production processes

The transformation of the manufacturing sector under the influence of digitalization and changes in social and labor relations actualizes the development of adaptive models of personnel management. The study is devoted to the analysis of organizational mechanisms that ensure the preservation of critical competencies of industrial personnel in the implementation of hybrid modes of operation and robotic technologies. The methodological basis was formed by a comparative analysis of existing talent management concepts, systematization of empirical data from industry research in 2023-2025, as well as structural modeling of the relationship between labor organization parameters and staff retention indicators. It has been established that the transition to a hybrid employment format (2-3 days of remote work per week) It helps to reduce staff turnover by 28-35 % without compromising productivity, while the greatest effect is recorded for categories of employees with long commute times and women. A nonlinear relationship has been revealed between the degree of workplace automation and the need for retraining programs: with a robotization level of over 40 % of operations, a critical competence gap arises that requires systemic investments in personnel development. An integrative model of personnel management is proposed that combines the SHRM competence approach with flexible work organization mechanisms. The results are applicable to the formation of HR strategies of industrial companies seeking to minimize the personnel risks of digital transformation.
Keywords: personnel management; hybrid employment; staff retention; key competencies; production automation; industrial enterprise; talent management model.

 

I. V. Krovyakov, P. S. Balitsky, A. V. Tseluiko, O. N. Zaitsev, A. P. Tyurnikov (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

Models of interaction of the HR management service with line managers and the project management office for the formation of a personnel reserve and the development of leadership competencies in production

The transformation of production systems in the context of technological changes actualizes the problem of coordination between the personnel management service (HR), line management and the project office (PMO) in the formation of a management reserve. Recent studies have documented a gap between the declared importance of leadership succession and the actual readiness of organizations: according to Deloitte (2023), 86 % of companies recognize leadership development as a priority, but only 14% assess their own readiness to fill key positions as sufficient. An integrative model of three-way interaction between HR and PMO line managers is being developed and verified, ensuring the systematic development of leadership competencies and the formation of a personnel reserve at manufacturing enterprises. The methodological basis consists of a structured analysis of the documentation of 47 industrial organizations, expert interviews with the heads of HR departments and project offices (n = 62), as well as statistical processing of data on the effectiveness of succession programs for the period 2022-2025. Three basic configurations of interaction are identified: segmented, coordinating and integrative, differing in the degree of synchronization of the processes of potential identification, project development and operational mentoring. It is established that the integrative model, which involves the creation of cross-functional talent committees with the participation of representatives of all three structural units, increases the share of internal appointments to senior positions from 58 to 74 %, reduces the period of adaptation of reservists by 34 % and reduces turnover among participants in development programs by 12 percentage points. The results are applicable to medium- and large-scale manufacturing companies implementing a project-based management approach.
Keywords: personnel reserve; leadership competencies; personnel management; project office; line managers; production enterprises; leadership continuity.

 

A. I. Galkin (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

Development of human capital for new industrialization: alignment of vocational education and skills with enterprise needs and technological trends

The article is devoted to the quantitative assessment of the role of human capital development in ensuring new industrialization and financial sustainability of industrial enterprises through the alignment of vocational education and skills with the technological needs of production. The aim of the study is to identify the impact of corporate investments in training, models of interaction with educational organizations, and the regional human resource potential on labor productivity, the efficiency of capital investments, and the investment attractiveness of industrial regions. The empirical base consists of depersonalized microdata from 12458 industrial enterprises, 450 educational institutions, and labor force surveys for 2018–2024; Big Data and machine learning methods were applied, as well as semantic analysis of job vacancies and résumés (NLP), a modified Mincer model, Difference-in-Differences, indices of digital maturity and regional human potential, and simulation modeling of workforce trajectories up to 2030. It is demonstrated that enterprises leading in investments in personnel development ensure a sevenfold gap in productivity growth compared to outsiders, a high return on investment in training (ROI around 180 % and above), and a significant reduction in defects and staff turnover. A multiple reduction in the total cost of adapting young specialists was revealed when switching to dual and targeted training, as well as a nonlinear relationship between CAPEX efficiency and personnel qualification: the growth of the qualification index is accompanied by a significant increase in OEE and a reduction in project payback periods. Regional analysis demonstrates a close relationship between the human potential index and the volume of industrial investments, which turns the vocational education system into a key factor of spatial development. It is concluded that human capital is becoming the main constraint on industrial growth, and effective new industrialization requires the integration of industrial, educational, and financial policies, the recognition of investments in personnel as a strategic asset, and the implementation of mechanisms of public–private partnership and lifelong learning.
Keywords: human capital; new industrialization; vocational education; labor productivity; investment in training.

 

A. N. Makhmutova (Kazan Federal University, Kazan); A. N. Zinnatullina (Kazan State Institute of Culture, Kazan)

Standards for business correspondence and negotiations in English as a tool to reduce operational risks and improve the interaction of HR departments with external and internal stakeholders

The article is devoted to the study of the role of standardized business communication in English in the context of minimizing operational risks and optimizing the interaction of HR services with various groups of stakeholders. The relevance of the topic is due to the significant financial losses incurred by organizations due to communication failures – according to experts, American companies lose up to $ 1.2 trillion annually due to ineffective communication [1]. The purpose of the study is to identify key parameters of business correspondence and negotiation standards that help reduce transaction costs and improve the quality of interaction with stakeholders. The methodology is based on a combination of systematic literature analysis, content analysis of corporate communication policies, and an expert survey of HR specialists from international companies. The empirical base consists of data from 47 organizations in various industries, collected in the period 2024-2025. The results demonstrate that the introduction of formalized standards for business correspondence reduces the frequency of communication failures by 34-42 %, reduces the processing time of stakeholders' requests by 28 %, and reduces the number of conflict situations related to misunderstandings by 31 %. Standardization of pragmatic aspects of communication, such as tone, message structure, and courtesy formulas, is of particular importance. The study reveals a correlation between the level of business English proficiency and staff engagement indicators (r = 0.67). The practical significance of the work lies in the development of recommendations on the formation of corporate standards of English-language business communication for HR departments, taking into account the specifics of interaction with various categories of stakeholders.
Keywords: business communication; operational risks; HR management; stakeholders; correspondence standards; business English; corporate culture.

 

S. A. Polevoy (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

Staffing project-oriented organizations: adapting HR practices in the context of structural transformation of the labor market

The widespread adoption of project-based work exposes the systemic weakness of traditional HR models – they are designed for stable hierarchies, not for organizations where the project serves as the primary unit of value creation. The goal of this study is to identify which HR practices enable the development, retention, and enhancement of personnel competencies in project-based organizations amid a deepening shortage of qualified personnel and rapidly obsoleting skills. Methodologically, the study utilizes a mixed-methods design: a systematic review of 68 publications from Scopus and Web of Science for 2019–2025 is supplemented by a questionnaire survey of 214 project office and HR department heads at Russian companies (September–November 2025). Data processing included k-means cluster analysis, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, and content analysis of open-ended responses. It is found that organizations that combine competency matrices with flexible employment models ensure project teams are 19–26 % more likely to have critical skills. Three clusters of HR configurations are identified: administrative, hybrid, and adaptive; in the latter, project staff turnover is 11,4 % versus 23,7 % in the administrative model. A gap is recorded between organizations' stated transition to skills-based hiring and their actual implementation: the discrepancy ranges from 31 to 47 percentage points–a result consistent with international data on the «paper» nature of skills-based hiring. The practical value of this work lies in the proposed model for integrating HR and project management through a mechanism for continuous competency auditing.
Keywords: project-oriented organization; human resources management; competency-based model; labor market; project team; skills-based hiring; personnel shortage.

 

M. V. Polevaya (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow) 

Transforming HR management strategies in the context of structural talent shortages: a competency-based approach and digital tools

A structural labor shortage, caused by the confluence of demographic shifts, technological modernization, and geoeconomic instability, is challenging conventional HR management models. According to the World Economic Forum, by 2030, transformation will affect 22 % of jobs, and 63 % of employers already consider the competency gap the main obstacle to organizational change. The aim of this study is to identify how Russian companies are restructuring their HR strategies in response to persistent talent shortages, focusing on competency-based models and digital tools. Methodologically, the study relies on triangulation: content analysis of HR policies from 42 large and medium-sized companies across six industries, secondary analysis of monitoring data (Bank of Russia, Rosstat, hh.ru, 2023–2025), and a semi-structured expert survey of 28 HR department heads. A shift from reactive recruiting to proactive models–internal rotation, automation of routine tasks, skill-based programs, and predictive retention analytics–has been documented. Companies that have combined digital HR platforms with skill-based models demonstrate a 12–18 percentage point reduction in turnover while reducing the time it takes to fill vacancies by 26–34 %. Three strategy configurations–investment, optimization, and hybrid–are identified, each with distinct risk and benefit profiles. The limitations of a competency-based approach in the face of rapidly changing technologies and the potential for integrating HR analytics into strategic planning are discussed.
Keywords: human resources management; personnel shortage; competency-based approach; HR analytics; staff retention; labor market; digital transformation.

 

O. V. Voitenok (Saint-Petersburg University of the State Fire Service of the EMERCOM of Russia, St. Petersburg)

Development of technologies to counter threats from unmanned aerial vehicles

The article is devoted to the analysis of modern threats associated with the use of unmanned aircraft and the consideration of promising technologies for countering these threats. The paper examines various types of unmanned aircraft, their tactical capabilities and application scenarios, including attacks on critical infrastructure facilities. Special attention is paid to the difficulties of detecting and neutralizing small unmanned aircraft, as well as counteraction methods such as electronic warfare systems, kinetic destruction, the use of interceptors and mechanical protection of objects. The need for an integrated approach to protection, including both technical and organizational measures, is emphasized, as well as the importance of continuous technology improvement to effectively counter threats associated with the use of unmanned aircraft. The purpose of the results presented in the article is the need to focus on the development of technologies to counter threats of destruction of objects by unmanned aircraft. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are being solved: an analysis of defeat systems has been carried out, a counteraction methodology has been developed, expressed in the study of existing means and technologies of protection against unmanned aircraft, promising areas for the development of counteraction systems have been identified. The research uses the following methods: analysis of scientific literature and electronic resources on the subject under study, analysis of technical systems and algorithms for controlling unmanned aerial vehicles, analysis of existing counteraction systems. The development of technologies for the use of unmanned aircraft necessitates the continuous improvement of counteraction systems. The article emphasizes that an integrated approach, including both technical and organizational measures, is required to effectively protect facilities from threats associated with unmanned aerial vehicles.
Keywords: unmanned aerial vehicles; security; countering threats of destruction; countermeasures; kinetic destruction; electronic warfare.

 

L. A. Ezhova (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

Information security in the context of expanding digital services

The purpose of this study is to analyze the specifics of information security in the context of the expansion of digital services and to substantiate a comprehensive approach to developing a sustainable information security model in a distributed digital environment. The relevance of this topic is determined by the growing number of information security incidents, the increase in attacks on service-oriented architectures, and the need to align technological, organizational, and legal mechanisms for data protection in a highly dynamic digital environment. The study revealed that the expansion of digital services is leading to a shift in the emphasis of information security from static security measures to adaptive and multi-layered mechanisms focused on risk management and continuous threat monitoring. The need to integrate technical security measures with organizational regulations, access control procedures, and data integrity control mechanisms is substantiated. It is shown that the resilience of digital services is largely determined by the consistency of architectural solutions and information security policies at all stages of the service lifecycle.
Keywords: Information security; digital services; information protection; digital infrastructure; cloud technologies; access management; sustainability of information systems.

 

O. V. Panina (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow

Coordination of industrial policy with competition policy, trade policy and science and technology policy to reduce coordination failures and enhance dynamic efficiency

The article is devoted to the theoretical and empirical analysis of the coordination of industrial policy with competition, trade, and science and technology policies, as well as to the assessment of its impact on the dynamic efficiency of the national economy. The purpose of the study is to provide a quantitative assessment of the scale of coordination failures and to test the hypothesis that the coherence of regulatory frameworks is a key factor in transforming public and private investments into sustainable growth of total factor productivity. The empirical base covers the period 2015–2024 and includes official statistics from national and international organizations, data from the central bank and sectoral ministries, performance indicators of more than 1800 industrial enterprises, as well as a set of legislative and strategic documents, which makes it possible to compare the effects of different regulatory regimes across sectors and countries. Methodologically, the study is based on the principles of systems analysis, correlation-regression and panel econometric modeling, input–output analysis, Granger causality tests, clustering of enterprises and industries by sensitivity to regulatory impacts, as well as on the development of an integrated Policy Coordination Index (PCI) and indicators of dynamic efficiency. The results show that inconsistency among the tools of industrial, competition, trade, and science and technology policies leads to losses equivalent to 1.5–3.2 % of annual GDP growth and 12–15 % of total investment volume, forming an «innovation paradox»—an increase in R&D expenditures amid stagnating productivity and low patent commercialization. A nonlinear relationship has been identified between the intensity of competition and innovation activity, threshold values of tariff protection (9–10 %) beyond which rent-seeking behavior dominates, as well as high elasticity of GDP growth rates and the investment multiplier with respect to the PCI index. The study concludes that it is necessary to move from a departmental to a project-oriented principle of policy design, to introduce digital platforms for real-time modeling of policy effects, and to use the PCI as an instrument for monitoring and adjusting the balance between protecting national interests and maintaining a competitive environment.
Keywords: coordination of industrial policy; competition policy; trade policy; science and technology policy; dynamic efficiency.

 

N. V. Kuchkovskaya (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)  

Fiscal stability of regional budgets of the Russian federation as a factor in industrial enterprise development: structural transformation of the revenue base and risks of imbalance in 2022–2025

This article analyzes structural shifts in the revenue base of consolidated budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and identifies factors that threaten the fiscal stability of these regions in 2022–2025, focusing on the implications of these processes for industrial enterprises and regional industrial policy. The relevance of this topic lies in the fact that regional budgets, which until recently had surpluses or symbolic deficits, are facing a 2,5-fold increase in the gap between their own revenues and expenditures by 2025, along with the depletion of liquid reserves accumulated during the difficult years of 2021–2022. For industry, this gap means reduced budget flexibility for funding infrastructure, industrial parks, modernization programs, personnel training, and support for enterprise investment projects. Additional pressure was exerted by two consecutive years of reductions in interbudget transfers, which made budget expenditures even more dependent on volatile tax revenues from real sector enterprises. This paper assesses the scale of the structural restructuring of regional budget revenues, identifies which tax components are critical for the dynamics of fiscal sustainability and the ability of regions to support industrial development, and proposes a typology of regions based on their exposure to budgetary and industrial risks. Four stable clusters with fundamentally different budget risk profiles and varying roles of their industrial bases are identified. The main destabilizing factor in 2025 is the decline in corporate income tax revenues, accompanied by a slowdown in personal income tax. Differentiated approaches to regional financial management and the adjustment of support measures for industrial enterprises are substantiated depending on the cluster affiliation of the territory.
Keywords: regional budgets; fiscal sustainability; industrial enterprises; industrial policy; tax base; interbudget transfers; debt burden; budget differentiation.

 

M. P. Lazarev (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

Financial stability of Russian industrial enterprises in the context of tight monetary policy: adaptation mechanisms and credit risks

This study focuses on the mechanisms by which Russian industrial enterprises adapted to the protracted cycle of tight monetary policy initiated by the Bank of Russia in the second half of 2023. This topic is particularly significant for capital-intensive industries, where the high share of bank lending, long investment cycles, and working capital requirements make enterprises sensitive to the cost of borrowed funds. The study's original logic remains intact: the banking sector is viewed not as an independent entity, but as a channel for transmitting interest rate shocks to industry. The unprecedented key rate (21 % at its peak in October 2024) was combined with record financial results for banks – RUB 3,8 trillion in net profit for 2024 and a return on equity of 23 %. However, for industrial enterprises, this meant accelerated borrowing costs, rising interest payments, and increased risks of debt restructuring. The paper assesses how changes in bank margins, funding costs, and credit risk impact the financial stability of enterprises in the real sector, including manufacturing. Methodologically, the study relies on a decomposition of banks' net interest income as an indicator of the price of credit, an analysis of the dynamics of the cost of risk and debt burden indicators of corporate borrowers for 2022–2025, and stress testing of resilience to deteriorating corporate portfolio quality. It was found that the asymmetry in the rates of asset and liability revaluation plays a decisive role in banks' short-term adaptation: floating-rate loans in the corporate portfolio reached 52 %, while retail deposits are revalued with a lag of 2–3 quarters. For manufacturing, this means a transfer of interest rate risk to enterprises: banks' margins were formally maintained, but borrowers' debt burdens actually increased, investment activity declined, and the likelihood of credit losses increased. The results obtained document a transition from a phase when high rates support creditors' incomes to a phase of cumulative risk accumulation in the industrial sector and, consequently, the need to proactively manage the debt structure, liquidity, and investment programs of enterprises.
Keywords: industrial enterprises; financial stability; industry; monetary policy; cost of borrowed capital; corporate credit; credit risk; investment activity; debt burden.

 

O. O. Arutyunyan (HSE University, Moscow)

Barriers to technology transfer between universities and industry

This article examines the legal and organizational complexities of technology transfer between universities and industrial companies in Russia and abroad. It is established that the inconsistency between public law and contractual (private law) relations affects the commercialization of intellectual property, including licensing and distribution of rights.
Keywords: universities; industry; technology transfer; technology transfer; commercialization; knowledge; intellectual property law; licensing.

 

N. V. Kuchkovskaya (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)  

The transition to progressive personal income taxation in Russia: fiscal effects, impact on inequality, and implications for industrial enterprises

This paper examines the 2025 tax reform, which replaced the two-tier personal income tax (13–15%) with a five-tier progressive system with rates ranging from 13% to 22%. The gap between the current level of income inequality (Gini coefficient of 0.408 at the end of 2024) and the target set by the Presidential Decree (0.37 by 2030) determines the practical relevance of this paper. The paper also explores the practical implications of the reform for industrial enterprises as tax agents and large employers: the new system impacts wage budgeting, the structure of bonus payments, the retention of engineering and technical personnel, and the risks of wage shadowing in production chains. International econometric studies document a statistically significant inverse relationship between income tax progressivity and inequality, but its strength varies significantly under the influence of the informal sector and taxpayers' behavioral responses. The paper assesses the fiscal and redistributive potential of the new tax system, relying on a decomposition of income by decile groups, a comparative analysis of OECD tax systems, scenario modeling of budget revenues under various tax evasion assumptions, and an interpretation of the implications for industrial enterprises. Methodologically, the study is based on a structural analysis of Rosstat and Federal Tax Service data for 2019–2024, comparisons with the Taxing Wages database, and the calculation of three collection scenarios. It is concluded that, if the current tax regime is maintained, total additional revenue from the tax package could reach 2.6 trillion rubles. However, the redistributive effect will remain modest, owing to the two-tier regime for capital income and the likely expansion of informal wage schemes. At the industrial level, the effect of the reform manifests itself not so much as a direct increase in the enterprise's tax liability, but rather as increased requirements for payroll management, compensation policy, and tax compliance.
Keywords: progressive taxation; personal income tax; industrial enterprises; wage fund; tax agent; income inequality; Gini coefficient; tax reform; fiscal policy; decile differentiation.

 

L. A. Ezhova (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

Architectural principles for designing digital service interfaces

The purpose of this study is to formulate and substantiate architectural principles for designing digital service interfaces, taking into account the requirements of scalability, stability, and integration with a distributed system infrastructure. The relevance of this topic is determined by the increasing complexity of the architecture of modern digital platforms, the growing number of multicomponent web services, and the need to ensure consistency between the user interface and the logic of the backend architecture and microservice solutions. This study utilizes a systems and structural-functional approach, including elements of interface structure formalization and a comparative analysis of existing design practices. A multilayer model of digital service interface architecture is proposed, including a data layer, a logical interaction layer, a visual presentation layer, and a behavioral layer of user scenarios. Key architectural principles of interface design are formulated: modularity, scalability, cognitive optimization, adaptability, predictability, and architectural consistency with the server infrastructure. An approach to formalizing interface structure based on a graph model of user flows has been developed, enabling the assessment of the degree of connectivity and structural complexity of the interface system. The relationship between interface architectural solutions and digital service resilience indicators, including fault tolerance, manageability, and user experience stability, has been substantiated. These results can be used in the design of high-load digital services, as well as in the development of methods for assessing the effectiveness of interface architecture in scalable platform solutions.
Keywords: digital service interface; user interface architecture; information architecture; scalability; modularity; user routes; sustainability of digital systems.

S. A. Tronin (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)  

Transformation of corporate financing mechanisms in the context of external restrictions and tight monetary policy: the Russian experience in 2022–2025

This article examines structural shifts in corporate financing for Russian companies caused by large-scale international sanctions and the tightening of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation's monetary policy during 2022–2025. Disconnection from global capital markets forces the corporate sector to urgently recalibrate its financial strategies – transitioning from external debt funding to internal instruments such as bonds, leasing, and government co-financing. Simultaneously, a hike in the key rate to 21 % per annum and bank spreads of 5–6 percentage points lead to an increase in the effective cost of credit to 26–27 %, radically altering the investment behavior of enterprises. Patterns in the adaptation of financial mechanisms to the dual shock of sanctions pressure and monetary tightening are identified. The results show that the share of domestic bond debt in borrowed funds increases from 18 to 34 %, while external borrowings fall threefold. A crowding-out effect was documented: sanctioned companies, by redirecting demand to the domestic credit market, intensified competition for resources and raised rates for other borrowers. The practical significance of this work lies in its substantiation of measures to develop alternative corporate funding channels in the context of ongoing geopolitical tensions.
Keywords: corporate financing; capital structure; sanctions; key rate; bond market; cost of capital; investment activity.