M. Ch. Tultabayev, J. E. Safuani, G. S. Zhunusova, A. A. Bekturganova, R. Kasymbek (Kazakh University of Technology and Business, Astana, Kazakhstan); T. Ch. Tultabayeva (S. Seifullin Kazakh AgroTechnical University, Astana, Kazakhstan)

Construction of water-oil compositions based on safflower oil

The review of modern scientific research how wide the range of use of safflower dye culture is shown. For each of the directions of use, it is necessary to continue research at all levels of breeding, genetic, and molecular. Joint research by geneticists, breeders, biotechnologists, ecophysiologists, phytopathologists and entomologists is a priority. Joint efforts will allow you to get a bigger and better harvest per unit area. Effective scientific developments, as well as the initiative and positive experience of production workers will be a reliable basis for the introduction of safflower dye into widespread use and its further use as one of the main agricultural crops.
Keywords: safflower; oil; compositions; research.

M. Ch. Tultabayev, J. E. Safuani, G. S. Zhunusova, A. A. Bekturganova, M. Dosmagambetova (Kazakh University of Technology and Business, Astana, Kazakhstan); T. Ch. Tultabayeva (S. Seifullin Kazakh AgroTechnical University, Astana, Kazakhstan)

Analysis of the influence of climatic conditions on the fatty acid composition of safflower

Technological evaluation of safflower as an oilseed crop is given. It is shown that due to the use of classical growth stimulators (structured hydrated fullerene water and solutions of Gumir and Gumir-1), the germination energy of safflower seeds increases by an average of 10-15 %, and germination by 5–10 %. The safflower meek seed variety has the highest germination energy (≈ 68 %) and germination rate (≈ 77 %) among the recommended varieties, which is sufficient for practical purposes.
Keywords: safflower dye; research; climatic conditions; germination.

M. Ch. Tultabayev, J. E. Safuani, G. S. Zhunusova, A. A. Bekturganova, A. Shoman (Kazakh University of Technology and Business, Astana, Kazakhstan); T. Ch. Tultabayeva (S. Seifullin Kazakh AgroTechnical University, Astana, Kazakhstan)

The possibilities of using safflower oil in various industries

The composition of a functional food fat-and-oil product using a mixture of hemp and olive oil as an unconventional raw material is proposed. Due to the high content of useful and nutritious substances, this product can be considered a promising commonly used health product. The possibility of using safflower oil as a cutting fluid is considered.
Keywords: safflower oil; sauce; mayonnaise; mixture; fat-and-oil product; lubricant.

A. U. Shingisov, R. S. Alibekov, S. U. Yerkebaeva, U. U. Tastemirova (M. Auezov’ South-Kazakhstan University, Shymkent, Kazakhstan); E. U. Maylybaeva (Taraz Regional University named after M. Kh. Dulaty, Taraz, Kazakhstan)

Vacuum drying of varieties of fruits and berries growing in the southern regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The article discusses the results of experimental studies on vacuum drying of varieties of apples, pears, cherries and raspberries growing in the southern regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The relevance and expediency of using drying processes for low-tonnage processing of selected products using vacuum is substantiated. The results of experimental studies and analysis of the influence of the degree of grinding of raw materials, the height of the layer of the dried material, the degree of heating of the dried material and the pressure of the medium in the vacuum chamber on the drying process of apples, pears, cherries and raspberries are presented. The results of experimental studies are generalized and based on them, equations describing the dynamics of moisture evaporation from the surface of products in the form of polynomials of the fourth degree describing drying curves are obtained. The thermal load of mineral oils and oils based on rapeseed with the addition of extracts from fruits and berries is studied using the example of agricultural machines.
Keywords: fruits; berries; drying; region.

A. U. Shingisov, R. S. Alibekov, S. U. Yerkebaeva, U. U. Tastemirova (M. Auezov’ South-Kazakhstan University, Shymkent, Kazakhstan); E. U. Maylybaeva (Taraz Regional University named after M. Kh. Dulaty, Taraz, Kazakhstan)

The total polyphenols and flavonoids contents in the grape sorts of the Kazakhstan selection

Antioxidant activity of food and raw materials are an extremely important value that indicates the presence of substances and neutralizes the excess of free radicals and interrupts the chain of oxidative reactions that damage the cells and tissues of the human body. Polyphenols including flavonoids, stilbenes and proanthocyanidins are the most important class ofbiologically active compounds in grapes. Physico-chemical and chemical indicators of the total polyphenols and flavonoids contents of different sorts of the Kazakhstan selection are considered. The possibility of their use in the composition of lubricants is described.
Keywords: antioxidants; anthocyanins; biological active compounds; flavonoids; grape; polyphenols; lubricants.

A. V. Savoskin, A. V. Kurdyumov, V. A. Meshcheryagina, M. A. Zadorina (Ural State University of Economics, Yekaterinburg)

Formation of the principles of sustainable development for the formation of the small business sector in the industrial sector of the economy

The production and economic activity of the enterprise, including industrial, should not only be a source of growth of well-being. But it is also, at present, a source of constant threat of negative impact on the environment. Enterprises, especially industrial ones, are the largest consumers of resources, including social ones, and are often perceived as the main source of social injustice and environmental degradation. Currently, the prevailing opinion is that large enterprises are the key actors and responsible links for the practical implementation of the Concept of Sustainable Development. We partially agree with this opinion, although in fact enterprises, especially large and/or multinational ones, are not always good partners in striving to implement this concept. Nevertheless, the analysis shows that medium-sized, small and microenterprises also make an important contribution to economic growth and job creation around the world and in Russia in particular. As a result, it can be noted that one of the ways to encourage economic entities to implement measures to protect the environment, avoid pollution, and reduce resource costs is to present opportunities to obtain financial and material benefits. In this case, the behavior of the manufacturer will change according to the following scheme: reducing the negative impact on the environment → increasing the ECO-efficiency of activities → ensuring the sustainable development of an industrial enterprise.
Keywords: sustainable development; economic sectors; small business; principles.

L. F. Shaibakova, A. V. Kurdyumov, E. G. Sheina, N. S. Gromova (Ural State University of Economics, Yekaterinburg)

A small enterprise in the development of the industrial sector of the Russian economy under the conditions of sanctions

Most economists, both scientists and practical analysts, claim that the segment of small and medium–sized enterprises (SMEs) forms the economic growth of the world's largest economies. And there is no doubt about it – this is a fact, since it is precisely such enterprises that quantitatively account for 99.8% of all registered enterprises in Russia (98.8% as of the end of 2020). At the same time, in the developed countries of the world, SMEs produce about half of GDP – up to 60-70% in European countries, the share of SMEs in the Russian economy is 26% at the end of 2021 – beginning of 2022. However, even this does not make SMEs dominant in the economies of countries, but completely different roles and functions. In particular, small enterprises ensure the flexibility and stability of the economic system, bring it closer to the needs of specific consumers, and at the same time perform an important social role by providing jobs and providing a source of income for significant segments of the population. In addition, small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as individual entrepreneurs perform an important social function, namely, the creation of jobs for the population and vocational training. Small business is mobile, responds quickly to market needs and changes, is innovative in its content, offers unique goods and services. Therefore, SMEs, individual entrepreneurship is the creation of new jobs, as well as an alternative to wage labor. And the most important thing is that the development of small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) is the basis for the formation of the middle class of society. We are not even talking about paying taxes and filling the budget.
Keywords: small business; pressure; economy; sanctions; restrictions.

V. P. Chasovskikh, E. N. Starikov, E. V. Koch (Ural State University of Economics, Yekaterinburg)

Innovative foundations for defining digital factories of the forest sector of the economy through the formation of technology chains

This article is devoted to the creation of effective digital factories from the point of view of enterprises engaged in various types of industries. Efficiency is understood as a sufficient (but not excessive) functional level of a digital factory for a particular enterprise at the lowest possible level of costs for its creation. The authors have determined that digital factories can reduce the number of design errors, the number of alterations, production waste, the number of defects, design time and the time for bringing products to market. It is shown that when building a digital factory, it is important to select the described technologies taking into account industry and technological specifics – the so-called technology chain. The article describes the main components and stages of the formation of a digital factory, and also formulates the most important indicators of the efficiency of the technology chain as a set of components of a digital factory, taking into account the industry and technological specifics of the enterprise. On the basis of using performance indicators, three ways of forming technology chains are proposed, allowing to form as the most effective chain for a particular enterprise (taking into account the size of the enterprise, the specifics of the tasks performed and industry specifics), as well as to form a range of technological chains within a certain industry for enterprises of various sizes and technological specifics
Keywords: digital factory; technology chain; digital design and modeling; efficiency assessment.

N. A. Zavyalova, Li Ci (Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg)

Global development trends in predictable scenarios

The development of the social economy in the global space is becoming increasingly important. Ensuring the well-being of the population, stability, high-quality development of education, medicine, security, the social economy fulfills its tasks and meets the requirements and challenges of the time. Moreover, at the center of the social economy is a personality with its diverse needs and potential opportunities, which are designed to satisfy and realize the effective socialization of the economy. Of course, the development of the social economy in the global dimension is influenced by various trends, in particular, transnationalization, regionalization, institutionalization, digitalization, intellectualization, innovatization, technologization, inclusivity, greening of the economy. Of particular importance in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is the study of signs of the post-pandemic development of the world community. The outlined determines the relevance and importance of the topic of this study. The main trends in the development of the social economy at the global level are: transnationalization; regionalization; institutionalization; ecologization; digitalization, informatization, intellectualization; innovatization; technologization; inclusivity.
Keywords: global development, predictable scenarios, trends, research.

A. B. Medeshova (Makhambet Utemisov West Kazakhstan State University, Uralsk, Kazakhstan) T. V. Goldvarg, E. V. Sumyanova, E. V. Petrovich, S. S. Muchkaeva (Kalmyk State University named after B. B. Gorodovikov, Elista)

Digital technologies in the development of the management process of higher educational institutions for industrial enterprises

The article discusses some features of the introduction of digital technologies into the educational system of higher educational institutions in Russia and Kazakhstan. The issues of financial support for digitalization in the creation of training courses and their further use are discussed. The possibilities of using a virtual educational environment in a university are considered.
Keywords: education; economics; management; enterprise; development.