KSHP. OMD №12-2023 el.dop
T. E. Erbolat, N. Y. Alzhaksina, M. S. Mantai, A. B. Dayletkerei (Astana branch of Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Processing and Food Industry LLP, Astana, Kazakhstan)
Comparative analysis of the performance characteristics of a lubricant based on a butter-vegetable spread and traditional mineral oil
The main task in the development of new lubricants based on milk and fat is to improve their performance and safety indicators. The composition of fatty acids in these lubricants is more balanced than in other types of lubricants, due to the increased content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, reduced cholesterol and regulated vitamin composition. In addition to vitamin A of milk fat, the composition includes beta-carotene, vitamin E and water-soluble vitamins. This allows for higher anti-corrosion and anti-wear characteristics compared to traditional petroleum products, as well as to increase the environmental friendliness and biodegradability of the resulting lubricant.
Keywords: creamy vegetable spread; lubricants; organoleptic indicators; research; quality.
M. Zh. Sultanova (Astana branch of Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Processing and Food Industry LLP, Astana, Kazakhstan)
The use of oilseed waste in the technology of lubricants production
During the research, methods were developed to produce lubricants using extracts from walnut shells. The optimal proportions of the addition of the extract were determined, amounting to 10, 20 and 30 %. The resulting lubricants demonstrate improved performance: stability, viscosity and lubricity. In terms of physico-chemical parameters, the products comply with existing quality standards for lubricants.
Keywords: oilseed waste; walnut shell; extract; lubricants; environmental safety; rheological characteristics; physico-chemical properties.
A. S. Saduakas, N. Kerimbekova (Astana branch of Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Processing and Food Industry LLP, Astana, Kazakhstan)
Prospects for the use of oilseed waste for lubricant production
The prospects for using walnut shell components as an antioxidant, anti-wear and anti-corrosion additive for oils are shown. The use of this bioadditive not only improves the properties of lubricants, but also solves the problem of hazardous waste disposal. The stability of the qualitative characteristics of the obtained extract is established during three months of storage.
Keywords: shelf life; safety; extract; component; lubricant.
A. E. Mukhametov, N. E. Alzhaksina, E. T. Yerbolatkyzy (Astana branch of Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Processing and Food Industry LLP, Astana, Kazakhstan); M. V. Kopylov (Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Voronezh)
The effect of packaging on the quality indicators of lubricants based on creamy vegetable spreads
This article examines the influence of three types of packaging materials on the quality indicators (organoleptic, physico-chemical and microbiological) of functional lubricants based on creamy vegetable spreads with a balanced composition of fatty acids. The studied physico-chemical parameters of the spread-based lubricant in various packages indicate that samples No1 and No2 retain a more plastic, homogeneous structure throughout the entire mass, even after 7 days of storage. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that plastic containers and parchment paper can be optimal packaging options to ensure the required level of quality of this type of lubricants.
Keywords: spread; packaging material; quality indicators; emulsion.
N. E. Alzhaksina, A. B. Dalabaev (Astana branch of Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Processing and Food Industry LLP, Astana, Kazakhstan); A. B. Sarshaeva (Taraz Regional University named after M. H. Dulati, Taraz, Kazakhstan)
Investigation of the effect of vegetable oils with different glycidyl esters on the lubricating properties of multicomponent lubricants
According to the test results, it is found that the use of lubricants based on vegetable oils with a reduced content of glycidyl esters and standard vegetable oils leads to an increase in the interval between lubricants in both groups of samples compared with lubricants based on mineral oil. The dynamics of increasing the interval between lubricants in the group of samples based on vegetable oil with a reduced content of glycidyl esters does not differ from that in the group of samples based on standard vegetable oil. It was revealed that the use of vegetable oils with a reduced glyceride content does not have a negative effect on the properties of lubricants compared to standard vegetable oils.
Keywords: glycidyl esters; vegetable oil; lubricants.
M. V. Kuznetsov, N. N. Posokhov, A. V. Safonov; A. N. Posokhova (All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Civil Defense and Emergencies of the EMERCOM of Russia, Moscow)
Analysis of the impact of automation and robotization on labor productivity in industrial enterprises: the experience of developed and developing economies
A comparative analysis of the production of robotic and automated production in terms of labor productivity in industrial conditions and in world markets is carried out. The research methods include the collection of statistical data on the level of robotization of production, the dynamics of labor productivity and the volume of industrial production in a number of countries with different levels of economic development. The indicators for the period from 2010 to 2020 are analyzed. The results showed that the introduction of new technologies has a greater positive impact on increasing labor productivity in industry in developed economies. At the same time, developing countries are characterized by a slower growth rate of this indicator, as well as the risk of job cuts in certain industries in the event of uncontrolled automation.
Keywords: labor productivity; industrial production; robotization; automation; economic development.
G. M. Tretiakov, N. N. Mazko, A. B. Fokeev, A. V. Varlamov, N. H. Varlamova (Samara State Transport University, Samara)
Optimization of logistics chains in railway transport using artificial intelligence and machine learning methods in Russia
The study is based on the analysis of statistical data on cargo flows in the Russian Federation, the assessment of existing routing methods and the complex application of predictive analysis algorithms. Big data processing algorithms, neural networks for predicting peak loads and genetic algorithms for optimizing traffic schedules are used. The results of the implementation of the predictive maintenance system based on AI on the example of JSC «Russian Railways» are analyzed, the reduction of rolling stock downtime by 15–20 % is shown. Data are presented on increasing the accuracy of cargo delivery up to 30 % due to the algorithms of the Ministry of Defense, as well as on fuel economy at the level of 10 % due to route optimization.
Keywords: logistics; railway transport; artificial intelligence; machine learning; optimization; cargo flows; predictive analysis; neural networks; genetic algorithms.
O. A. Savoskina, N. G. Platonovsky, G. Z. Ibiev, M. N. Besshaposhny (Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow); M. A. Polshina (Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow; Belgorod State University, Belgorod)
Strategies of industrial enterprises under economic sanctions: adaptation, diversification and innovation in the Russian federation
The modern economic reality of the Russian Federation is marked by the imposition of international economic sanctions, which has created serious challenges for industrial enterprises. The need to adapt to changing conditions requires the development and implementation of strategies that can ensure the sustainable functioning and development of enterprises in a new economic context. The study is based on the analysis of data on the activities of Russian industrial enterprises for the period 2021–2023, including statistical data, company reports and expert assessments. The methods of system analysis, strategic planning and SWOT analysis are applied. The study shows that the main strategies of industrial enterprises in the conditions of economic sanctions are adaptation, diversification and innovation. Adaptation manifests itself in changing business models, reorientation to the domestic market and the search for new suppliers. Diversification includes expanding the product portfolio and entering new market segments. Innovative activity is aimed at developing its own technologies and strengthening research work.
Keywords: economic sanctions, industrial enterprises, adaptation, diversification, innovation.
M. V. Kuznetsov, N. N. Posokhov, A. V. Safonov, A. N. Posokhova (All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Civil Defense and Emergencies of the EMERCOM of Russia, Moscow)
Sustainable development strategies in the industrial economy: integrating environmental, social and economic aspects into enterprise management
The paper analyzes the main approaches to integrating environmental, social and economic goals into the activities of the studied enterprises. It is shown that the most effective strategies are the introduction of environmental management systems, modernization of production facilities in order to reduce the negative impact, and the development of social programs for personnel.
Keywords: sustainable development; environmental management; business social responsibility; integration of economic; environmental and social aspects; enterprise strategies.
E. N. Starikov Evgenii Nikolaevich (Ural State University of Economics; Institute of Economics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg)
Digital modernization and digital security as factors of sustainable industrial development: ensuring mechanisms
The article is devoted to the analysis of issues of ensuring sustainable development of industry in the context of digital modernization. Among the main mechanisms for ensuring the sustainable development of domestic industry during the period of digital transformation, the author highlights the national program «Digital Economy of the Russian Federation», the FRP program «Digitalization of Industry», the departmental project of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation «Digital Industry» and the National Technology Initiative. An analysis of the effectiveness of the implementation of these mechanisms was carried out. In addition, special attention is paid to the consideration of the aspect of ensuring digital security of industrial development.
Keywords: industry; government support; programs; projects; development indicators; digitalization; cybersecurity.
A. V. Kurdyumov, O. V. Kotova, G. M. Morozova (Ural State Economic University, Yekaterinburg)
The scenario of the development of the digital economy in the Russian industry
In the context of global integration and dynamic changes in market parameters, the relevance of developing strategic directions for the development of the digital economy in Russian industry is becoming more and more obvious. The focus of this article is modeling scenarios for the progressive development of digital technologies used in the industrial sector of the Russian Federation. The main focus is the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the use of digital platforms, the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain technologies and other industry 4.0 tools. The study appeals to the analysis of statistical data obtained from various sources, including Rosstat data, surveys of industrial enterprises and case studies at the federal and regional levels. Based on data from 2022, according to Rosstat, the share of industry in Russia's GDP was 32 %, while the contribution of digital technologies to the industrial sector was at the level of 3–4%. The methods of machine learning, metamodeling and system analysis were used for in-depth analysis. As a result of the research, optimized development scenarios adapted to the specifics of the economic and political conditions of the Russian Federation are proposed.
Keywords: digital economy; industry; Internet of Things; artificial intelligence; blockchain; industry 4.0; modeling; system analysis; machine learning; statistical analysis.
T. N. Sakulyeva (State University of Management, Moscow)
Typology of costs for logistics and supply activities of the enterprise
The article examines, analyzes and classifies the costs of logistics and sales activities of the enterprise. An important information base for the development of the typology of costs for the supply work of organizations is a theoretically and actually justified classification of the costs of the enterprise as a whole. understanding the different types of costs for logistics supply work of organizations contributes to the ability of their most effective supervision, a more detailed calculation of the cost of goods, the formation of different basic characteristics of the effectiveness of managing these costs, identifying alternatives in the field of logistics and supply actions, etc. To identify the types of costs for logistics supply activities of enterprises in order to create an understanding of the diversity of costs as a result of the study the systematization and improved classification of enterprise costs has been carried out.
Keywords: logistics supply activities; logistics costs; cost classification; cost typology; calculation object.
G. M. Tretiakov, N. N. Mazko, A. B. Fokeev, A. V. Varlamov, N. H. Varlamova (Samara State Transport University, Samara)
Logistical aspects of the introduction of high-speed railways: economic and technical challenges
The study is based on the analysis of statistical data on the construction and operation of the VZHM in various regions of Russia, comparison of economic indicators with foreign analogues and modeling of technical aspects of the operation of highways. The key method is a system analysis that allows us to assess the impact of VZHM on infrastructure development and the economy as a whole. The study shows that the introduction of VZHM in Russia is associated with a number of technical and economic problems. These include high investment costs for construction, the need to modernize the existing railway infrastructure and adapt to difficult climatic conditions.
Keywords: high-speed railways; logistics efficiency; economic development; technical challenges.
I. E. Savelyeva, N. B. Sambros, K. A. Komarov (Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, Moscow) E. P. Makarova Korobeynikova (Russian Customs Academy, Lyubertsy)
Investigation of the effectiveness of molds for stamping products for chicken processing
Stamping is one of the main processes in the production of semi-finished products from poultry meat. There are several types of stamping molds that differ in design and efficiency. In this study, the analysis of the four most common forms of stamping to produce chicken meat products is carried out: flat, nested, profiled and combined. The following indicators were calculated for each mold: stamping speed, material consumption, depreciation charges, cost of finished products.
Keywords: stamping; poultry meat; stamping forms; efficiency; optimization.
S. A. Petrov (The VUNTS of the Navy «Naval Academy», St. Petersburg)
Review of the monograph «Comprehensive technology for fire safety management of sealed inhabited objects: problematic issues of normalizing the air environment after a fire and fire extinguishing and innovative solutions»
A review of the monograph «Comprehensive technology for fire safety management of sealed inhabited objects: problematic issues of normalizing the air environment after a fire and fire extinguishing and innovative solutions» is provided. The structure, relevance and scientific benefits of this work are described.
Keywords: shipbuilding; firefighting; safety; sealed habitable objects.
V. S. Batomunkuev, T. Sh. Rygzynov (Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Ulan-Ude)
The development of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy centers in Manchuria in the late XIX and early XX centuries.
The analysis of cartographic materials of the late XIX – early XX centuries, which are of significant historical importance for studying the development of blacksmithing and the production of lubricants in Manchuria, is carried out. These sources provide the basis for interdisciplinary research in the field of industrial and technological history, relevant to the scientific understanding of the historical development of this region. The main attention is paid to the review of cartographic materials reflecting the location of blacksmith workshops and lubricant industries, as well as related infrastructure facilities, including railways and transport hubs.
Keywords: The Manchurian-Mongolian world; blacksmithing; lubricants; industrial development; maps; sources.