KSHP. OMD №10-2024 el.dop

Sun Hui, Zhuang Xintong (BSTU «VOENMEH» named after D. F. Ustinov, St. Petersburg)

Optimization of technological processes for the production of polymer composite materials using data analysis and machine learning

The article considers the application of data analysis and machine learning methods to optimize the technological process of manufacturing polymer composite materials. The materials and methods of the study include the collection and pre-processing of data from sensors and control and measuring devices of the production line. Statistical methods such as regression analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis are used. The algorithms of Random Forest, Gradient Boosting and Neural Networks are considered. The results of the study demonstrate that the application of the proposed methods can significantly improve the efficiency of the technological process. Using the example of polymeric materials production, it is possible to improve product quality, increase productivity and reduce the number of defects. The implementation of a quality forecasting system based on machine learning allows optimizing the control process and reducing the number of laboratory tests. The obtained results demonstrate the high efficiency of data analysis and machine learning methods for optimizing technological processes and open up broad prospects for their use in various industries.
Keywords: optimization of technological processes; data analysis; machine learning; statistical methods; predictive models; production efficiency.

 

Sun Hui, Zhuang Xintong (BSTU «VOENMEH» named after D. F. Ustinov, St. Petersburg)

Integration of industrial automation systems with enterprise ERP and MES systems

In the modern conditions of dynamically developing industry, characterized by a high level of competition and the need for prompt response to changes in market conditions, the integration of industrial automation systems with ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) and MES (Manufacturing Execution System) is a key factor in increasing the efficiency of enterprises. The article is devoted to the study of theoretical and practical aspects of the integration of industrial automation systems with ERP and MES systems, as well as the analysis of the prospects and potential advantages of this approach. The results of the study indicate a significant positive effect from the integration of industrial automation systems with ERP and MES systems. Thus, using the example of the ABV metallurgical plant, the possibility of increasing productivity by 12,5 % while reducing the cost of production by 8,3 % due to the optimization of production processes and reducing equipment downtime is demonstrated.
Keywords: integration; industrial automation systems; ERP systems; MES systems; efficiency; optimization; planning; cost; performance.

 

A. V. Krasnov, I. V. Deryabin (Togliatti State University, Togliatti)

Practical method for reducing the noise of a vehicle heating and ventilation installation

Studies of the acoustic radiation of a heating and ventilation unit were carried out on a test bench mounted in an anechoic chamber, with several design options for the housing and control dampers of the heating and ventilation unit containing sound-absorbing elements. Graphic dependences of one-third octave values of sound levels at the studied measuring point at all rotation speeds of the electric fan impeller are presented. A conclusion is made about the effectiveness of the lining of the housing walls, which allows achieving a reduction in overall noise levels to 4.1 dBA. At the same time, lining the panels of the inlet nozzle of a heating and ventilation unit with sound-absorbing material leads to an increase in overall noise levels by 0,6–0,9 dBA at all rotation speeds of the electric fan impeller. Additionally, an assessment of air flow rates in the studied heating and ventilation installation configurations was carried out, showing their change after the use of noise-absorbing pads at a level of 3–13 %.
Keywords: heating and ventilation installation; vehicle; sound absorption; test bench; anechoic chamber.

 

R. A. Nezhmetdinov, R. A. Nezhmetdinova, R. R. Chumak (MSTU «STANKIN», Moscow); D. V. Nikitin (State University of Management, Moscow)

Approaches to the implementation of simulators for training engineering personnel using virtual reality technology

The main methods of training process equipment operators are considered, their advantages and disadvantages are presented. The most promising method of training is the method using virtual reality. It allows you to improve the quality of education by implementing special simulators and training scenarios, allowing you to prepare personnel to work with new equipment in a short time. Russian companies implementing programs using virtual reality technologies are considered, which use their own developments for various projects in the virtual reality environment, including the creation of simulators. However, they do not specialize specifically in simulators of process equipment, although they have projects related to mechanical engineering. An architectural model of the simulator is presented, consisting of three main modules, interactive models of equipment and third-party programs that implement scripts, models and the use of real data for simulation. Three main options for implementing the interactivity of the simulator are highlighted. An algorithm for the operation of the simulator, implemented in two interactive modes, and the main algorithm for working with data obtained from external sources are presented. The proposed algorithms and architecture allow us to develop a universal simulator that allows us to get a full understanding of the structure and operating principles of technological equipment.
Keywords: virtual reality; improving the quality of education; data collection; data visualization; training.

 

T. M. Voiteleva, N. V. Loginova (State University of Education, Moscow)

Evaluation of the effectiveness of investments in human capital in production and their impact on profitability and economic growth of the enterprise

This article is dedicated to the study of the effectiveness of investments in human capital at industrial enterprises and their impact on profitability and economic growth. Based on the analysis of panel data from 150 Russian manufacturing enterprises for the period 2015–2022, significant positive effects of spending on employee training and development on labor productivity, profitability of sales, and assets were identified. Regression models were constructed, demonstrating a profitability increase of 1,5–2,3 % with a 10 % increase in human capital investment. The feasibility of increasing such investments under conditions of economic instability and sanctions restrictions has been proven. A set of measures has been proposed to optimize the structure and increase the return on investments in the development of human potential. The results have practical significance for shaping staffing strategies for industrial companies.
Keywords: human capital; investments in personnel; training and development; profitability; industrial enterprises; economic growth; econometric analysis.

 

M. S. Gusarova (Industrial University of Tyumen, Tyumen)

Achieving competitive advantages of mechanical engineering products based on digitalization of their promotion

Modern factors which influence the preservation and increase of the competitiveness of mechanical engineering products in order to implement the cost leadership strategy are updated. Particular attention is paid to such an important factor as digitalization. The significance of the factor in the sales strategy of mechanical engineering products is determined. A lead generation model based on digital marketing criteria for the B2B segment is proposed.
Keywords: cost leadership strategy; digitalization; leads; costs; marketing.

 

A. V. Semenov, Sh. U. Niyazbekova (Moscow Witte University, Moscow); V. V. Varzin (The Kosygin State University of Russia, Moscow); D. D. Burkaltseva, O. G. Blazhevich, S. I. Polskaya (V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol); U. B. Yussupov (Kazakh University of Technology and Business, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan); S. K. Yerzhanova (Karaganda Buketov University, Karaganda, Republic of Kazakhstan); K. B. Kunanbayeva (Toraighyrov University, Pavlodar, Republic of Kazakhstan)

Innovative technologies in forging and stamping production as a factor economic development and ensuring technological sovereignty

The article is devoted to the issues of forging and stamping production, which plays an important role in the economy and ensures high efficiency and quality of production of metal parts. Today, this area includes various technologies such as hot and cold forging, as well as sheet stamping. The economic efficiency of forging and stamping production is characterized by high efficiency due to the reduction of material costs and the use of modern technologies, which minimizes waste in the work. In conclusion, the study presents the main conclusions and results of the work carried out.
Keywords: forging and stamping production; economic efficiency of production; energy saving; quality management; production management.

 

E. V. Vasiliev, A. A. Shkileva (Tyumen Industrial University, Tyumen)

The problem of selecting a supplier of material and technical resources under sanctions

A mechanism for selecting a supplier of material and technical resources when planning supply volumes based on the theory of multi-criteria optimization that meets modern requirements is proposed and implemented. The relevance of the proposed approach when making management decisions on the supply of resources to a machine-building enterprise is determined by taking into account such factors as import substitution, work under sanctions, implementation of national project goals etc.
Keywords: material and technical resources; suppliers; multi-criteria optimization; significance of indicators.

 

Yu. V. Gnezdova (MTUCI, Moscow); N. S. Sergienko (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

Application of the program-target approach in the rocket and space industry in the context of digital transformation

The article considers the possibilities of applying the program-target approach in the rocket and space industry using digital solutions, which expands the possibilities of applying digital twins of production technologies in production and economic systems of the rocket and space industry. Today, digital technologies are widely used in high-tech production in foreign countries and have achieved significant economic effects.
Keywords: rocket and space industry; program-target approach; digital transformation; knowledge intensity; digital technologies; programs.

 

N. V. Meller, I. Yu. Nekrasova (Tyumen Industrial University, Tyumen)

Comparative assessment of the reliability of machine-building enterprises of the Tyumen region as participants in public procurement

The article considers the process of conducting a comparative analysis of machine-building enterprises to establish the reliability of participants in public procurement who are able to fulfill obligations and effectively implement contracts. It has been determined that assessing the reliability of a machine-building enterprise as a participant in public procurement is a multifactorial process that requires a comprehensive analysis of both financial and economic indicators and indicators of innovative development. Regular assessment and monitoring of these aspects will help the enterprise not only survive in conditions of market uncertainty, but also develop, strengthening its positions and increasing competitiveness.
Keywords: reliability of a machine-building enterprise; level of financial and economic condition; level of innovation; participants in public procurement.

 

L. A. Yelshin (Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University; Center of Advanced Economic Research in the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan); A. D. Gatin, A. M. Mingulov (Center of Advanced Economic Research in the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan)

Prospects for strategic adaptation of regions to the transformation of foreign economic relations

The subject of the study is the system of economic relations formed as a result of the implementation of foreign economic activity of regional economic agents with foreign jurisdictions (using the example of the People's Republic of China). The objects of the study are the regions of the Volga Federal District. The authors examine in detail the risks of disruption of sustainable development of economic processes both at the macro- and meso-levels within the framework of the observed strict external restrictions that have formed a new configuration of foreign economic relations.
Keywords: import dependence; sanctions pressure; economy; regions; scenario modeling; gross regional product; sustainable development risks; economic growth; forecasting.

 

A. B. Mottaeva (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

Ways for small and medium-sized businesses to enter alternative foreign markets in the context of sanctions

Small and medium-sized enterprises are an important driving force of Russia's economic and social development, as well as an important subject of foreign trade. In various countries, the number of small and medium-sized enterprises is usually more than 90 %. The article reveals that in the context of the intensification of the global economic crisis and unjustified sanctions pressure, a special role is being played by the rapid development of international markets, acceleration of trade operations, changes in logistics routes, interaction and entry into new external (international) markets of small and medium-sized enterprises in Russia. However, in the current realities, export-oriented small and medium-sized enterprises in Russia are faced with a number of problems, the solution of which often depends on the early entry into foreign markets. These challenges have predetermined the need to find new methods for determining ways to enter foreign markets for small and medium-sized businesses as an effective way to develop and scale small and medium-sized businesses. The purpose of the article is to identify effective ways for enterprises to enter the foreign market, state support for new foreign markets in the face of sanctions.
Keywords: small and medium-sized enterprises; export; foreign market; financial and economic crisis; export activities; problems of small business; development of new foreign markets; export potential; entrepreneurship.

 

U. V. Oblatsova (Perm State National Research University, Perm)

The use of economic and mathematical methods in modeling Laffer points: a regional aspect

The article provides a critical analysis of the theoretical and practical aspects of the Laffer Curve, focusing on its application in macroeconomic modeling and tax policy. The primary focus is on a comparative analysis of two models: the Laffer Curve model proposed by E.V. Balatsky and an alternative model incorporating the Consumer Price Index (CPI). Both models aim to identify the fiscal and productive points at which the tax burden maximizes either economic growth or tax revenues. The article highlights that while the original Laffer Curve, developed for modeling corporate tax dynamics, was effective in its domain, it has limitations when applied to the macroeconomic level. The introduction of CPI as a variable in the tax burden model is particularly significant, as it reflects inflationary pressures and enhances the accuracy of forecasts for regional economic systems. The analysis demonstrates that existing models have limitations in accounting for regional economic specifics, which necessitates further adaptation and refinement for more accurate assessments of the impact of tax policy. A comparative analysis of approaches to defining "optimal taxation" is conducted from two perspectives: economic theory and optimal control theory. The study proposes assessments of Laffer points of the first and second kinds for the regional economy. A comparative evaluation of the existing model for assessing Laffer points of the first and second kinds and the author’s modified model is provided, with corresponding conclusions drawn.
Keywords: Laffer Curve; tax burden; Consumer Price Index; regional economy; fiscal policy; economic growth; tax revenues; inflation; production function; Laffer points.

 

M. R. Safiullin (Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University; Center of Advanced Economic Research in the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan); M. D. Sharifullin, Ya. A. Kuznetsov (Center of Advanced Economic Research in the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan)

DeFi technologies as a tool for preserving and increasing the investment potential of a region in the context of systemic transformations

In recent years, DeFi technology has developed in the world of financial relations, representing a new form of organizing financial services based on decentralized, automated digital platforms. Abstracting from the imperfection of the regulatory aspects of regulating the market in question, as well as taking into account the low level of interoperability of these technologies across countries, this study attempts to develop a model that assesses the prospects for attracting foreign investment to the regions of the Russian Federation based on the DeFi technological solutions under consideration.
Keywords: decentralized finance; blockchain; financial markets; foreign investment; sanctions pressure; international transactions; region; macroeconomic externalities; economic growth.

 

A. V. Semenov, Sh. U. Niyazbekova (Moscow Witte University, Moscow); E. V. Shirinkina, A. S. Klishin (Surgut State University, Surgut); Z. K. Yessymkhanova (Esil University, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan); V. V. Varzin (The Kosygin State University of Russia)

Kazakhstan's metallurgical industry in the context of sustainable economic development

This article investigates recent trends in the metallurgical industry of Kazakhstan in the context of achieving the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The article is devoted to the issues of e-waste in market conditions. In the process of the research the raw material potential of metallurgical industry of Kazakhstan is considered and the main types of metallurgical industry and their production and processing were considered. Also production and processing of the metallurgical industry of Kazakhstan in the regional context are noted. In connection with the transition to low-carbon processes in the economy, the issues of technology development for effective achievement of SDGs are considered. Effective methods of production and processing of some metals are studied. The conclusion of the study identifies the main problems in the industry and offers recommendations for their elimination in the conditions of sustainable development of the national economy.
Keywords: metals; metallurgy; ferrous metals; waste; rolled metal products; production of metals; monotowns; regional economic development; metal products.

 

I. R. Khasanov, A. V. Karpov (Federal State Budgetary Institution VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia, Moscow); A. A. Tumanovsky, N. V. Petrova, S. F. Lobova (St. Petersburg University of the State Fire Service EMERCOM of Russia, St. Petersburg)

Estimation of fire distances from a facility with underground LPG tanks using field modelling

The results of field modeling of the development of fires in liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) reservoirs and estimates of fire-fighting distances to neighboring objects are presented. The scenarios of accidents with depressurization of tanks and further jet burning, as well as a strait fire, are considered. Gorenje Estimates of the possible sizes of explosive zones have been carried out. Based on the calculations carried out, additional fire-fighting measures are proposed with the installation of a fire barrier to protect a neighboring object.
Keywords: fires; accidents; fire-fighting distances; field modeling; LPG reservoirs; fire barriers.

 

I. A. Volkova, E. Yu. Legchilina (Omsk State Transport University, Omsk)

Quality of reproduction of labor potential: precarization and its consequences

In the process of labor relations between the employer and the employee, new forms of interaction without mutual legal guarantees began to appear, which significantly affects the quality of the process of reproduction of labor resources. The vectors of improving the quality of reproduction of labor potential in terms of regulating employment of the population are determined. In accordance with the logic of the research, general scientific methods of scientific research were used, as well as the categorical method of two-level triadic decoding of the basic category. As a result of the terminological approach to understanding the precarization of employment of the population, contradictory consequences of its manifestation are identified. The vectors of improving the quality of reproduction of labor potential are identified in the framework of improving state policy.
Keywords: quality; reproduction; labor potential; precarization; employment; social and labor relations.