KSHP. OMD №2-2024 el.dop
K. V. Kharchenko (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow); A. S. Kolesnikov (M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Shymkent, Kazakhstan)
Comprehensive scientific and technical programs (projects) of the full innovation cycle (CSTP) as a mechanism to support industry in the face of sanctions
The purpose of this paper is to examine directions for improving integrated scientific and technical programs (projects) of the full innovation cycle (CSTP), which are considered as a mechanism to support domestic industry in conditions of a break in value chains caused by sanctions restrictions. The regulatory framework for the development, implementation and evaluation of the effectiveness of the CSTP, including the regulatory procedure for obtaining state financial support, is analyzed; its proposed changes are discussed. The mechanism of implementation of the CSTP from the creation of scientific and technical groundwork to the release of innovative products is revealed. The advantages of the CSTP format are shown, as well as attention is drawn to the problems that cause the insufficient effectiveness of this mechanism. Attention is drawn to the dilemma: the requirement of detailed applications somewhat insures against the risk of failure to achieve the goals of the declared projects and programs, however, creates high entry barriers for their initiators. The proposal on the integration of the CSTP mechanism into the system of functioning of scientific and production clusters is substantiated.
Keywords: scientific and technological development; CSTP; project; program; industry support; technological sovereignty.
T. V. Bratarchuk (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow); Aadila Botswaku (Open University of Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania)
Prospects for the introduction of innovative technologies in the metallurgical industry of Russia: from energy efficiency to environmental friendliness of production
This article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the prospects for the introduction of innovative technologies in the metallurgical industry of Russia with a focus on improving energy efficiency and environmental friendliness of production. The study analyzed the current trends in the technological development of the industry, assessed the potential economic and environmental effects of the introduction of advanced developments, and identified key barriers and drivers of innovative transformation of metallurgical enterprises. The research materials and methods included analysis of statistical data, expert interviews with industry representatives (n=25), case studies of the introduction of innovative technologies at leading metallurgical plants in Russia (NLMK PJSC, MMK PJSC, Severstal PJSC), as well as economic and mathematical modeling of the effects of the implementation of various technological scenarios modernization. The results of the analysis indicate a significant potential for improving energy efficiency and environmental friendliness of metallurgical production through the introduction of innovative solutions such as direct iron reduction (DRI) technologies, electric arc steel smelting (EAF), heat recovery and recycling of secondary energy resources, intelligent energy management systems, etc. Thus, according to experts, comprehensive technological modernization is capable of reducing specific energy consumption by 20–25 %, greenhouse gas emissions by 15–20 %, while increasing operational efficiency by 5–7 %. However, the realization of this potential requires overcoming a number of barriers, including the high capital intensity of innovative projects (from 50 million to 1.5 billion rubles, according to the estimates of the surveyed companies), lack of competencies and personnel, and underdevelopment of the innovation infrastructure. Experts highlight the expansion of state co-financing of R&D and pilot projects, the implementation of training and advanced training programs for personnel, the formation of industry consortia and partnerships in the field of research and technology transfer as key measures to support innovation. Further prospects of the study are related to the quantitative assessment of the effects of various government support measures and the development of optimal strategies for innovative transformation, taking into account the specifics of individual companies and production assets.
Keywords: metallurgical industry; innovative technologies; energy efficiency; ecology; barriers; government support; technological modernization.
N. V. Kuchkovskaya (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow); Mapo Dare Siliush (International University of Management, Windhoek, Namibia)
Analysis of the dynamics of steel production in Russia for the period 2010–2023 and forecast until 2030
This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the dynamics of steel production in the Russian Federation for the period from 2010 to 2023, as well as a forecast for the development of the industry until 2030. The study is based on an extensive array of statistical data obtained from official sources, such as the Federal State Statistics Service, Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation, as well as industry associations and associations of steel producers. The research methodology includes the use of econometric models, in particular, the autoregressive and integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, to identify key factors influencing the dynamics of steel production and construct forecast scenarios for the development of the industry. The results of the analysis indicate the heterogeneity of the development of the metallurgical industry during the period under review, due to both internal and external factors. In particular, there is a significant impact of the global financial and economic crisis of 2008 – 2009, which led to a sharp decline in steel production in 2009 to 59.2 million tons, which is 14.3% lower than the level of 2008. Subsequent recovery of the industry was characterized by moderate growth rates, reaching a peak value of 72.4 million tons in 2014. However, starting from 2015, there has been a tendency towards stagnation and even a slight decrease in production volumes, which is explained by a complex of factors, including the introduction of sectoral sanctions, volatility of prices for world markets, as well as structural changes in the country's economy. Forecast scenarios for the development of the industry until 2030, obtained on the basis of econometric modeling, suggest three possible trajectories: a base scenario with a moderate increase in production to 80 – 85 million tons, an optimistic scenario involving reaching a level of 95 – 100 million tons, and a pessimistic scenario, characterized by stagnation or even a slight decrease in production volumes to 70 – 75 million tons. The implementation of one or another scenario will be determined by a combination of factors such as the dynamics of world steel prices, the rate of economic growth in the country, the level of investment activity, as well as the effectiveness of government policy to support and stimulate the development of the industry.
Keywords: steel production; metallurgical industry; Russia; econometric modeling; forecasting; ARIMA; scenario analysis.
S. G. Eremin (Finance University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow); A. A. Kazuschik (Francisk Skarina Gomel State University, Gomel, Belarus)
Improving digital transformation in the field of public administration of the Russian Federation
The article discusses issues of development of public administration at the stage of digital transformation of public management. The GovTech technology trend is characterized, examples of their implementation are given, and it is proven that their implementation in the Russian Federation, despite the internal difficulties associated with the political situation, will help improve the efficiency of public administration.
Keywords: digitalization of public administration; digital government; GovTech-government model; cross-departmental development areas; executive authorities.
S. A. Tronin (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow); Aadila Botswaku (Open University of Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania)
Modelling the impact of digitalization on productivity growth in Russian industry until 2030
This article is devoted to studying the impact of digitalization on productivity growth in Russian industry in the period until 2030. The relevance of this topic is due to the rapid development of digital technologies and their implementation in various sectors of the economy, including the industrial sector. Based on the systematization of factors and drivers of industrial digitalization, a conceptual model of the impact of digital technologies on productivity has been developed. Using econometric methods, the model parameters were assessed and scenario calculations of productivity growth were carried out depending on the level of implementation of key digital solutions. Modelling results show that active digitalization of the industrial sector can provide an increase in labor productivity by 25–35 % by 2030 compared to the business-as-usual scenario. The greatest contribution to efficiency growth is made by industrial Internet of things technologies, robotization of production processes, as well as the introduction of artificial intelligence systems in supply chain management and interaction with customers. At the same time, the key conditions for realizing the potential of digital transformation are large-scale investments in infrastructure and personnel, as well as institutional measures to support innovation. The results obtained have practical significance for the formation of digitalization strategies at the level of companies and industries, as well as for improving industrial policy. The proposed models and approaches can be used for further research into the impact of digital technologies on socio-economic development.
Keywords: digitalization; industry; performance; modelling; industry 4.0; innovation; robotization; artificial intelligence; internet of things; Russia.
O. V. Panina, S. A. Zudenkova, S. G. Eremin (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)
Digital inclusion in the Russian Federation: regional aspect
The article is devoted to the study of issues of digital inclusion at the regional level. The authors substantiate the relevance and significance of the research topic. An attempt has been made to study the «picture of the world» of the modern model of public management through the prism of co-evolutionary processes of digital inclusion on a global and national scale. The features of digitalization of public administration at the regional level, which predetermine digital exclusion, are revealed. Particular attention is paid to the ideas of «smart government» and «smart city». A taxonomic analysis of the legal basis for the implementation at the federal and regional levels of information systems that ensure the «intellectualization» of various spheres of society is carried out.
Keywords: digital inclusion; digital exclusion; digitalization of public administration; public administration; digitalization; a single digital platform «GosTech».
A. S. Kamaletdinov, A. A. Ksenofontov, P. V. Trifonov (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)
Assessment of the investment potential of the Ulyanovsk region
The proposed work evaluates the effectiveness of one of the regions of Russia – the Ulyanovsk region. For this purpose, based on data from the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation and the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), as well as the index method developed by the authors of the article, ratings of investment attractiveness of the entities of the Russian Federation were formed. Based on the ratings obtained, an intersubjective and intersectoral comparison was conducted, with the aim of identifying areas that require measures to improve the investment climate in the regarded region. The assessment showed that the region occupies the sixty-eighth position of the rating. The following industries function most effectively in the subject: «Manufacturing industry» and «Information and communication activities». The industries hindering the economic development of the Ulyanovsk region are «Transportation and storage», «Construction» and «Provision of electric energy, gas and steam; air conditioning».
Keywords: taxes; statistical research methods; regional economics; public administration.
S. V. Karpova (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow); M. A. Solntsev (Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Aeroflot Aviation School, Moscow)
Digital customer orientation as the basis of the competitive advantage of a modern airline
In the article the authors note the growth in the use of digital technology in Russian aviation enterprises for the purpose of increasing the efficiency of business processes and improving client experience. The authors justify the requirement for a special approach to client focus, client experience, empathy, and evaluation of consumer loyalty in digital business transformation. The article presents the recommendations for the rational use of digital competitive advantage sources of Russian companies, standardization of customer service quality for aviation enterprises, improvement in the reliability of consumer assessments of service product’s quality via the use of applied psychology research and adapted profiling methods. The work demonstrates an example of academic use of lie detection methods and the assessment of statements’ validity at a training seminar for future marketing experts.
Keywords: design thinking; digital competitive advantage; empathy; profiling; NPS consumer loyalty index; customer orientation; relationship marketing; passenger air transportation; product; consumer loyalty; consumer experience; digitalization.
T. V. Bratarchuk (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow); Mapo Dare Siliush (International University of Management, Windhoek, Namibia)
Transformation of the Russian coal industry in the context of the transition to a low-carbon economy: challenges, opportunities and strategic priorities for the development of the industry
In modern conditions of transformation of the global energy system and transition to a low-carbon economy, the Russian coal industry faces a number of serious challenges. The results of the study indicate that there are significant risks for the Russian coal industry associated with the tightening of climate policy at the global level and a decrease in demand for coal. According to the forecasts of the International Energy Agency, by 2040, global coal consumption may decrease by 36 % compared to 2019 in the scenario of achieving carbon neutrality. At the same time, Russia accounts for about 5,5 % of global coal production and 16 % of its exports. In 2020, the volume of coal production in the country amounted to 398,4 million tons, and exports amounted to 199.1 million tons. However, in the context of energy transition, the traditional markets for Russian coal, primarily in Europe, will be significantly reduced. In order to adapt the coal industry to new realities, it is necessary to implement a set of measures to improve its efficiency, environmental friendliness and competitiveness. The priority areas are the introduction of clean coal technologies, the development of coal chemistry and the production of high-value-added products, optimization of logistics and diversification of export supplies. An important condition for the transformation of the Russian coal industry is government support, including stimulating R&D, subsidizing promising projects, promoting investment and ensuring social protection for industry workers during the restructuring process.
Keywords: coal industry; low-carbon economy; decarbonization; energy transition; climate policy; clean coal technologies; coal exports; coal chemistry; sustainable development.
N. V. Kuchkovskaya (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow); Hin Cho Park (Yonsei School of Business, Seoul, South Korea)
Study of the impact of government subsidies on the development of the engineering industry in Russia in 2015–2023
This article examines the impact of government subsidies on the development of the engineering industry in the Russian Federation in the period from 2015 to 2023. The results of the study show that during the period under review, government subsidies has a significant impact on the development of the Russian engineering industry. Thus, in 2015, the volume of state support amounted to 78,4 billion rubles, which made it possible to implement a number of large investment projects, including the modernization of Uralvagonzavod and the creation of a new production complex Rostselmash. In subsequent years, the volume of subsidies continued to grow, reaching 135,7 billion rubles in 2020. Thanks to this, it was possible to increase the competitiveness of domestic products, increase the share of innovative developments and expand the export potential of the industry. By 2023, the share of mechanical engineering in the structure of Russia’s GDP increased to 7,2 %, and the volume of exports reached 28,6 billion US dollars. At the same time, the study revealed a number of problems associated with the efficiency of using government subsidies. In particular, there is a lack of transparency in the mechanisms for distributing funds, as well as weak coordination between various support instruments. In addition, there is a risk of creating unfair competition conditions and distorting market incentives. In general, the results of the study indicate a positive impact of government subsidies on the development of the Russian engineering industry in 2015–2023. However, to further increase the efficiency of government support, it is necessary to improve the mechanisms for distributing funds and strengthen control over their intended use.
Keywords: mechanical engineering; government subsidies; investments; innovation; export; competitiveness.
S. G. Eremin (Finance University under the Government of the Russian Federation); O. V. Arashkevich (Francisk Skorina Gomel State University, Gomel Belarus)
Implementing an audit of undemanded land resource, which is in state (municipal) ownership, in conditions of reorganization of the production market
The article is devoted to the study of the possibilities of using an audit of unclaimed land resources that are in state (municipal) ownership in order to meet the demand for such a resource from domestic producers. The authors substantiate the relevance and significance of the research topic. It is noted that in the context of the reorganization of the country's production market (against the background of the policy of import substitution and the outflow of foreign competitive players), the demand for the product of the domestic manufacturer has increased significantly. To satisfy it, industrial enterprises are expanding their presence, opening new production facilities and production lines, and therefore need additional space. It is indicated that one of the few available options for regional industry is the construction of new production facilities on prepared sites outside the city (instead of expensive rent). The authors suggest that in conditions of a shortage of prepared industrial land, there is a need to use unclaimed land resources that are in state (municipal) ownership in order to meet the demand for it from domestic producers. The need to form a new division (department) within the structure of Rosreestr is pointed out for the purpose of organizing monitoring of unclaimed land suitable for locating industrial facilities. It is proposed to assign the audit function to the relevant department of the Federal Property Management Agency. The economic efficiency of the proposed measures is substantiated. The conclusion is about the feasibility of scientific and methodological support for monitoring unclaimed industrial lands.
Keywords: undemanded lands; industrial sector; industrial lands; federal property; public property management; monitoring.
A. U. Klonitskaya (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)
Prerequisites for the emergence and features of levying excess profit tax in the Russian Federation
The article is devoted to the analytical and practical aspects of establishing and collecting excess profit tax on the territory of the Russian Federation. The work examines and analyzes foreign experience in the application of emergency taxation, outlines the prerequisites for its establishment on the territory of the Russian Federation, and identifies problems and features of collecting one-time tax payments. The relevance of the article is due to crisis economic and geopolitical phenomena, the presence of which gives rise to new government instruments to level them out, primarily in the tax sphere due to the importance of tax revenues in the revenue component of the state budget.
Keywords: excess profit tax; budget; emergency taxation; a crisis; the tax burden; legislation; foreign experience.
I. Yu. Vaslavskaya, R. K. Amirov (Naberezhnye Chelny Institute the branch of Kazan Federal University, Naberezhnye Chelny)
The effectiveness of applying the benchmark method when comparing tariff levels for services for the inclusion of electrical energy
Different methods of tariff regulation, constantly introduced legislative changes, as well as clarifications from the Federal Antimonopoly Service of Russia, lead to an unreasonable increase in tariffs for electric energy transmission services, which causes misunderstanding and mistrust on the part of consumers of energy resources. The article discusses the main problems of tariff regulation using the example of territorial network organizations of the Moscow region. The ineffectiveness of regulatory methods used by regulatory bodies in setting tariffs for electric energy transmission services is substantiated. A new tariff setting method is proposed, based on the determination of reference costs.
Keywords: electric power industry; tariff setting; electric grid complex; reference regulation method.
S. A. Tronin (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow); Hin Cho Park (Yonsei School of Business, Seoul, South Korea)
Study of energy saving potential in Russian industry: calculation of industry and region
The problem of energy saving in Russian industry is becoming increasingly relevant due to the need to increase the competitiveness of domestic enterprises and reduce the negative impact on the environment. Key industries are considered, such as metallurgy, chemical industry, mechanical engineering, oil and gas sector and others. Calculations have shown that the total energy saving potential in Russian industry is about 180–200 million tons of fuel equivalent per year, which is equivalent to 30–35 % of current energy consumption. The metallurgical industry (45–50 million tons of fuel equivalent), the chemical industry (30–35 million tons of fuel equivalent) and the oil and gas sector (25–30 million tons of fuel equivalent) have the greatest potential. Regionally, the leaders in energy saving potential are the Ural (40–45 million tons of fuel equivalent), Privolzhsky (35–40 million tons of fuel equivalent) and Siberian (30–35 million tons of fuel equivalent) federal districts. The implementation of the identified potential will reduce specific energy consumption in industry by 20–25 % and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 100–120 million tons of CO2 equivalent per year.
Keywords: energy saving; industry; potential; energy efficiency; industries; regions; Russia; fuel and energy resources; modeling; technical and economic analysis.
N. V. Gromova, A. G. Dmitriev (University of Industry and Finance «Synergy», Moscow)
Technology for the development and practical implementation of programs in the field of labor productivity management
This article examines various approaches to performance management at the organizational level, which is currently particularly relevant due to the difficult economic situation in Russia, which forces modern domestic companies to look for new ways to develop and improve business efficiency. It is shown that the process of managing labor productivity in an organization requires constant strategic and operational planning, measurement and control. In conclusion, it is noted that labor productivity management is a necessary condition for the economic and social efficiency of any business.
Keywords: labor productivity; labor productivity management; labor efficiency; personnel training; coaching.
N. G. Antonova, A. A. Volodin (Graduate School of Business – HSE University, Moscow)
Joint consumption of personnel as a new form of labor relations in Russian industry
The continuing shortage of qualified personnel in the Russian industrial sector contributes to the popularization of flexible forms of employment, especially the joint consumption of human resources. During an economic downturn, co-consumption of labor can be a valuable tool for maintaining work teams and valuable, unique specialists. The paper examines various aspects of the joint consumption of human resources, highlights the differences between the approach and other flexible forms of employment in the context of the Russian market, reveals the stimulating and constraining factors for the development of joint consumption of human resources in Russian industry.
Keywords: economy of shared consumption; flexible forms of employment; staff sharing; joint consumption of human resources.