KSHP. OMD №4-2024 el.dop

I. V. Suminov, H. D. Hameed Chiad (MSTU «STANKIN», Moscow)

Experimental study of the effect of technological parameters of the electrochemical oxidation process on the properties of the oxide layer and its operational characteristics

In the presented study, experimental samples were manufactured to serve as an object of analysis in the framework of studies on the evolution of structural components and alloying elements on Ti6Al4V alloy in the context of the plasma electrooxidation (PEO) process. The sample manufacturing process was carried out using the electron beam melting (EBM) technique at a specialized Arcam A2 installation. The entire sample manufacturing process is carried out under vacuum conditions in a protective gas environment – helium, providing controlled conditions for the formation of oxide layers on the surface of the samples. These parameters were carefully selected taking into account the research requirements and allow us to ensure the reliability of the experimental results. The main research results related to additive manufacturing and the use of AM technologies to create parts from Ti6Al4V titanium alloy are presented. The possibilities of improving the performance characteristics of parts through the use of additive technologies are noted.
Keywords: evolution; structural components; alloying elements; plasma electrooxidation; electron beam melting technique; powder layers; electron beam power; vacuum; shielding gas; helium; experimental analysis.

 

I. V. Suminov, H. D. Hameed Chiad (MSTU «STANKIN», Moscow)

Wear resistance of titanium alloys: the effect of surface coatings and methods of analysis

Wear resistance of surfaces is a key aspect in the development of surface coatings, especially when using titanium alloys. One of the effective methods for studying wear resistance and analyzing strength characteristics is the tribological testing for wear and friction. This study aims to obtain basic data on the wear properties of titanium specimens with and without surface coatings to determine limitations and develop operational methodologies. The study yielded data on the coefficient of friction and intensity of wear of titanium specimens with and without surface coatings. Critical loads and moments of adhesion failure of coatings were determined. Microhardness measurements allowed for an assessment of the material's resistance to elastic and plastic deformation. The obtained data demonstrate a significant influence of surface coatings on the wear resistance of titanium specimens. Tribological testing methods for wear and friction enable the determination of coating effectiveness and the development of recommendations for their application.
Keywords: additive manufacturing; titanium alloys; plasma-electrolyte treatment; performance characteristics; AM technologies.

 

S. A. Tronin (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow); H. Ch. Pak (Yonsei Business School, University of South Korea, Seoul, Korea)

Calculation of optimal localization of production of components for the Russian automotive industry

This article discusses the problem of optimal localization of the production of components for the Russian automotive industry. The performance indicators of the country's leading automakers, including PJSC AVTOVAZ, Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Rus LLC, PSMA Rus LLC and others are used as initial data. The results of the study show that the most optimal places for localizing the production of auto components are the Volga, Central and Ural federal districts, which are characterized by a developed transport infrastructure, the presence of qualified personnel and relative proximity to the main automobile assembly plants. In particular, calculations show that locating a plant for the production of automotive electronics in the Samara region will reduce logistics costs by 12.5 % compared to the option of building a similar enterprise in the Moscow region. At the same time, the expected economic effect from localizing the production of components in these regions can reach 1,5 billion rubles per year by reducing transport costs and optimizing supply chains. The results obtained are of practical significance for making decisions on the location of new production facilities in the Russian automotive industry and can be used to improve the operating efficiency of existing enterprises.
Keywords: automotive industry; localization of production; optimization; location of enterprises; logistics costs; linear programming; efficiency; auto components.

 

O. I. Dontsova, P. V. Trifonov, E. L. Moreva, S. R. Bekulova, O. M. Abrosimova (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

Mechanisms for transforming the financial and industrial policy of modernizing the real sector of the domestic economy

The article is devoted to the analysis of mechanisms of transformation of financial and industrial policy for the real sector's modernization of the domestic economy and ensuring its further development under the conditions of external sanctions. Current support measures and tools that form a unified approach to determining the mechanisms of transformation of financial and industrial policy, based on the challenges provoked by sanctions restrictions, are studied. Also in these conditions the directions of development of the real sector of the economy are considered, which allows us to conclude that it is necessary to adjust the existing mechanisms and develop fundamentally new ones. On the basis of this analysis, the author identified aspects of the functioning of a single mechanism of financial and industrial policy to modernize and ensure the smooth functioning of domestic industry. The results of the research are of interest to specialists in the economic sphere, engaged in the problems of modernization and development of the real sector of the economy, scientists, graduate students, as well as representatives of small and medium-sized businesses.
Keywords: financial and industrial policy; tools and mechanisms of industrial policy; economic transformation; external sanctions; state support; import substitution.

 

I. G. Reshetnikova (Industrial University of Tyumen, Tyumen)

The influence of modern technologies on the organization of labor in stamping production and increasing productivity

In the modern world, stamping production is undergoing significant changes under the influence of rapidly developing technologies, which have a significant impact on the organization of labor processes and increased productivity. This article examines the key aspects of the impact of innovative solutions on the efficiency of enterprises in this industry. The conducted research is based on a comprehensive analysis of statistical data obtained as a result of studying the activities of a number of leading companies specializing in the stamping of metal products for various purposes. The work identified the main trends in the transformation of production processes under the influence of factors such as automation, robotization, the introduction of computer-aided design and modeling systems, as well as the use of additive technologies. The results obtained indicate the significant potential of modern technological solutions in the context of optimizing time costs, minimizing the amount of defects, increasing the accuracy and quality of products. Thus, using the example of the Stamp-Innovation enterprise, it was established that the introduction of robotic systems can reduce the production time of a standard part by 27 %, and the use of a computer modeling system ensures a reduction in the defect rate by 3.5 %. In turn, the use of additive technologies at the Progress-Stamp plant leads to an increase in productivity by 18 % while simultaneously increasing the strength characteristics of products by 12 %. The data obtained demonstrate the prospects for further development and implementation of innovative solutions in the field of stamping production, which can provide a significant increase in the operating efficiency of enterprises of this profile.
Keywords: stamping production; automation; robotization; computer design; additive technologies; labor productivity; process optimization.

 

N. V. Kuchkovskaya (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow); H. Ch. Pak (Yonsei Business School, University of South Korea, Seoul, Korea)

Assessing the effectiveness of public-private partnerships in the development of mining infrastructure in Russia

In recent years, public-private partnerships (PPP) have become increasingly important in the development of mining infrastructure in the Russian Federation. This study is aimed at assessing the effectiveness of the use of PPP mechanisms in this area. During the work, statistical data on the implementation of PPP projects in the field of mining for the period from 2010 to 2023 is analyzed, and a survey was conducted among industry experts. The results of the study show that during the specified period, 57 PPP projects are implemented in the field of mining with a total investment of 983 billion rubles. At the same time, 68 % of projects have been successfully completed, 24 % are at the implementation stage, and 8 % were terminated for various reasons. An expert survey shows that the key factors for the success of PPP projects are the effective distribution of risks between partners (noted by 87 % of respondents), the presence of the private partner with the necessary competencies and experience (81 %), as well as transparency and stability of legal regulation (76 %). At the same time, the main barriers to the development of PPP are the insufficient development of the regulatory framework (69 %), the difficulty of coordinating the interests of partners (62 %) and high transaction costs (58 %). The results obtained allow us to conclude that PPP mechanisms are a promising tool for the development of mining infrastructure in Russia. However, to increase the efficiency of their application, it is necessary to further improve the regulatory framework, stimulate the influx of private investment and improve the qualifications of project participants.
Keywords: public-private partnership; mining; infrastructure; efficiency; investments; risks.

 

L. K. Babayan (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

Formation of interregional industrial clusters for the purpose of economic growth of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation

The main trends in the implementation of cluster policy are studied using the example of the Ural Federal District of the Russian Federation. The branches of economic specialization of the regions of the federal district under consideration have been identified. The basic principles of cluster formation and their role in the economic development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are presented. The author reviewed the main projects being implemented in the regions of the Ural Federal District of the Russian Federation (using the example of the Tyumen region, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Ugra, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug). The study examines the main advantages of interregional cluster cooperation as a tool for implementing strategic management of the socio-economic development of the region. Within the framework of the identified advantages and priority sectors of the economy of the regions under consideration, the creation of interregional cluster cooperation was proposed in order to implement an integrated policy to achieve target indicators of socio-economic development.
Keywords: industrial clusters; interregional clusters; petrochemical industry; industrial development; raw materials region; industrial growth; strategic management.

 

N. L. Krasyukova (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow); Yu. S. Pranuza (Francisk Skarina Gomel State University, Gomel, Belarus)

A mechanism of state support for Russian industry in the context of sanctions restrictions, based on evidence-based policy instruments

The article attempts to reveal the features of the formation and operation of the mechanism of state support for Russian industry in the context of sanctions restrictions, based on evidence-based policy tools. An analysis was carried out of the functioning of the main instruments of this mechanism, including preferential financing, state programs, the possibilities of the cluster investment platform and the activities of the SEZ, and the approval of criteria for technological sovereignty projects. Particular attention is paid to the specifics of the formation of an organizational model of interaction between the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia, the Ministry of Finance of Russia, the Bank of Russia, the state development corporation – VEB.RF and a specialized project finance company – the project finance factory.
Keywords: evidence-based policy; industrial policy; sanctions.

 

K. A. Karpenko, A. V. Bychkov, A. N. Astashenko (Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg); N. A. Volkova (National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Moscow)

The structure of the total cost of risky situations of cooperation of defense industry enterprises arising from the creation of dual-use products

While maintaining a good foundation since the Soviet era, the Russian military-industrial complex is currently the most competitive in the country's economy. The army's rearmament program is supported by the state, which has allocated about 23 trillion rubles for this program. Inspections conducted by Rosfinmonitoring in 2020 of the fulfillment of the state order revealed damage in the amount of 9 billion rubles. At the same time, 120 criminal cases were initiated, in which 1.5 billion rubles were returned to the budget voluntarily and funds in the amount of 2.4 billion rubles were seized.  Despite the existing problems, maintaining the potential and financial stability of enterprises of the military-industrial complex is an important state task that reflects Russia's economic and political interests. In addition, enterprises of the military-industrial complex make a significant contribution to improving Russia's competitiveness on the world market by producing innovative products and increasing high-tech exports. Thus, the protection and development of enterprises of the military-industrial complex are priorities, since they contribute not only to ensuring the country's defense capability, but also to the progress and prosperity of the national economy. The purpose of writing this article is to study the risks arising in the production of dual-use products, as well as the structure of the total cost of risky situations of cooperation between enterprises of the military-industrial complex. The conducted research allowed us to establish that the development and application of measures to manage uncertainty in the development of dual-use products within the framework of a state defense order has an impact on the level of uncertainty. The applied measures can be effective only if negative events or negative results were recorded before their implementation. On the contrary, if both positive and negative events or results were recorded before the implementation of effective management measures, then uncertainty decreases and the expected range of possible values shifts towards positive expectations.
Keywords: military-industrial complex; risks; cost of risk; costs; cooperation; total cost.

 

N. V. Kuchkovskaya (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow); Mapo Dare Siliush (International University of Management, Windhoek, Namibia)

Analysis of economic diversification strategies in industrial regions of Russia

In modern conditions of globalization and accelerated technological development, economic diversification is a strategic task for any industrial region. The special relevance of this study is due to the existing economic imbalances in the Russian Federation. The article is an analysis of various strategies of economic diversification in the industrial regions of Russia. The study includes a quantitative and qualitative analysis of many parameters affecting the diversification process: industrial production indicators, the level of investment in innovation and fixed capital, employment structure, and others. The analysis uses data from the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation (Rosstat) for the period from 2010 to 2020, including data on 15 industrial regions of the country.
Keywords: economic diversification; industrial regions; Russian Federation; strategic analysis; economic imbalances; quantitative and qualitative analysis.

 

P. I. Chuvakhin (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation); Claude Van Dyck (Free University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands)

Law and regulation in industry and economics of the Russian Federation

Law and regulation in industry and the economy of the Russian Federation are fundamental factors determining the country's development trajectory in the context of global challenges and uncertainty. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the legal and regulatory mechanisms that influence the functioning of the industrial and economic sectors of the Russian Federation, with an emphasis on identifying key trends, problem areas and potential growth points. The study is based on an extensive empirical base, including statistical data from Rosstat, industry reports, regulations, as well as the results of expert interviews with representatives of the business community and government agencies (n=52). The methodological apparatus includes comparative analysis, economic and legal modeling, content analysis of strategic planning documents and foresight sessions. It has been established that the legal field of the Russian Federation is characterized by significant fragmentation and inconsistency, which creates barriers to the sustainable growth of industry and the economy. Thus, according to the World Bank, in the Doing Business 2020 rating, Russia ranks 28th in terms of the “Resolving Insolvency” indicator, but only 112th position in the “Obtaining Construction Permits” criterion. Imbalances in the structure of investment flows have been identified: if in the mineral extraction segment the volume of investments in fixed capital in 2019 reaches 2.9 trillion rubles, then in high-tech industries it amounts to only 589 billion rubles. Analysis of government programs shows that in the period 2018–2020. 1.06 trillion rubles are allocated to support industry and increase its competitiveness, while the total budget of the Digital Economy national project for the same period was only 427 billion rubles. The need to harmonize legal norms in the field of industrial policy, stimulate R&D and accelerate the digital transformation of the economy is substantiated.
Keywords: law; regulation; industry; economy; Russian Federation; legal field; investments; governmental support; digitalization.

 

M. M. Imamov (Kazan Federal University, Kazan)

Application of artificial intelligence in project management: opportunities, challenges and prospects

This article addresses the current issues of applying artificial intelligence (AI) methods and technologies in the field of project management. The conducted research aims to study the opportunities, challenges, and prospects of using AI solutions to optimize project management processes. The paper analyzes the main directions of AI application in project management, including the automation of routine tasks, decision support, risk forecasting, and resource optimization. The research results show that the implementation of AI solutions in project management can significantly increase the efficiency of project management: automation of routine tasks can save up to 25 % of project managers' time; AI decision support systems improve the accuracy of budget and project timeline estimates by 30–40 %; predictive models based on machine learning can identify up to 80 % of potential risks at early stages of the project. At the same time, the research revealed a number of challenges and limitations associated with the application of AI in project management: the need for quality data to train AI models, the importance of the human factor and expert knowledge, and issues of trust and ethics in the use of AI. In conclusion, promising directions for further research and development in the application of AI in project management are outlined.
Keywords: artificial intelligence; project management; automation; decision support; risk management; resource optimization.

 

S. G. Eremin (Finance University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow); V. F. Babyna (Francisk Skarina Gomel State University, Belarus, Gomel)

Actual problems of land resource management in the agro-industrial complex and directions for their solution

The article is devoted to the study of actual problems of land resource management in the agricultural sector. The authors substantiate the relevance and significance of the research topic through the prism of the issue of resource availability of the agro-industrial complex. A brief description of the state of the domestic agro-industrial sector in 2022–2023 is given, it is stated that it is in the recession zone, and the main reasons are specified. Particular emphasis is placed on the problem of reducing demand for agricultural land, which, according to experts, could cause destabilization of the entire sector. It is suggested that this problem could be a consequence of the inconsistency of the economic mechanism for regulating land relations in the area under study with existing trends and influencing factors, or its actual dysfunctionality. In turn, it is evident that the source of this effect is the imperfection of public land policy due to the distortion of the vectors of its reform. Based on expert data, three main problems causing inconsistency in public land policy are formulated, and directions for their solution are proposed. In particular, a model of an effective land resource management system in the agricultural sector is proposed. Additionally, its weaknesses and threats are formulated, and the formation of an interdepartmental commission on the management of the land fund of the agro-industrial complex is proposed. It is assumed that the data collected by this commission can form the basis for current or future projects and programs aimed at solving the problem of resource availability of the agro-industrial complex as a whole, including personnel, logistics and material and technical issues.
Keywords: land resource management; agro-industrial complex; land fund; public land policy; rural agglomerations; data management strategy.

 

Sh. A. Osmanov, D. E. Zavyalov, V. V. Kutuzov (Saint-Petersburg State Fire Service University of EMERCOM of Russia, Saint-Petersburg)

Fire safety of high-rise buildings

As the size of a building structure increases, the likelihood of situations that are negative for people's lives and the safety of the building increases. The main reason for the popularity of skyscrapers is the economic feasibility of erecting buildings in megacities where the price of land is very high. This idea became possible due to the use of new technologies in construction due to the use of a supporting frame made of steel, which in turn significantly increased the strength of the building as a whole. At the same time, problems related to the construction of apartment buildings (especially residential ones) of high storeys were also identified. The primary problem is the fire safety of such buildings. Over the past decades, construction technologies, the use of new materials and fire extinguishing equipment have advanced far. Due to the fact that, unlike low-rise buildings, evacuation from high-rise buildings is difficult, and the complexity of fighting fires increases, the threat to people there becomes more significant. Despite the fact that a fire in high-rise buildings spreads rapidly, the smoke itself is still the most dangerous for people, which, in addition to worsening visibility and increasing panic, leads to poisoning by combustion products.
Keywords: construction; buildings; fire alarm; fire; smoke; smoke removal.

 

A. M. Gubernatorov (Vladimir branch of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Vladimir); E. B. Tyutyukina, D. A. Egorova (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

Financing of federal projects of the national project «Ecology»: problems, assessment, solutions

The article is devoted to the problems of financing federal projects of the national project «Ecology» based on the results of the first half of its implementation period 2019–2021, as well as the development of proposals for financing federal environmental projects in the future. In this regard, shortcomings in the formation and implementation of target indicators for federal projects have been identified as the basis for planning the required volumes of funding (in terms of the validity of the choice of indicators, incomplete coverage of objects, frequent revision, etc.), as well as problems in the process of financing federal projects itself (underfunding and annual adjustments in the volume of budget financing, lack of a mechanism for attracting, stimulating and accounting for extra-budgetary sources, etc.). In terms of budget financing, which accounts for almost half of the total funding of the national project, it is proposed, in contrast to existing approaches to assessing effectiveness, to identify the relationship between state financial support and the achievement of target indicators of federal projects. Due to the limited number of observations for three years, the arc elasticity coefficient was used as a method for identifying relationships. Calculations carried out for eight federal projects implemented since 2019 showed that interbudgetary transfers and subsidies from the federal budget are significant instruments of budget financing. Funds from consolidated budgets are significant in four federal districts (Central, Volga, Ural and Siberian). Measures have been proposed to improve the financing of environmental projects in terms of budgetary financing (continuing the practice of using subsidies and interbudgetary transfers, changing the targeted nature of interbudgetary transfers, expanding facilities for PPP projects, etc.) and extra-budgetary (in terms of creating conditions for institutional and unqualified investors).
Keywords: national project «Ecology»; financing of federal projects; target indicators of federal projects; budget financing tools; assessment of budget financing of the federal project; significant tools of budget financing; arc elasticity coefficient; improving the financing of federal environmental projects.

 

I. V. Babyna (Francisk Skorina Gomel State University, Gomel, Republic of Belarus); O. V. Panina (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

Ministry of Trade and Industry on the eve of the First World War

The approaches to reforming the management of the Ministry of Trade and Industry on the eve of the First World War are analyzed. The authors substantiates the thesis that at that time the Ministry of Trade and Industry had been in a state of continuous attempts to reform the internal structure and functions of the Ministry for ten years, but significant results in this direction had not been obtained. According to the author, this led to the fact that by the beginning of the First World War, when industry had to be quickly rebuilt on military lines, the Ministry, which still did not have an approved regulation on the ministry and a sufficient staff of employees by 1913, faced the problem of the need to develop new mechanisms and tools for managing industry in the conditions of further the need to strengthen state regulation of the economy.
Keywords: Ministry of Trade and Industry; industry; public administration; industrial complex; industrial policy.