M. S. Protsenko, A. A. Kutin (MSTU «STANKIN», Moscow)

The ontology of knowledge of the digital twin of the details of the type of body of rotation and their use

Structuring and organizing knowledge about products and their creation processes plays a key role in modern engineering and manufacturing. Special attention is paid to the development and application of ontologies – formalized knowledge systems capable of providing a unified understanding of the subject area and facilitating interaction between various information systems. This work is devoted to the development of an ontology of digital counterparts of parts such as bodies of rotation, including their components, properties and processing methods. A general approach to the classification of these objects is presented, based on the analysis of their geometric and functional characteristics, as well as on the use of existing standards and regulations. Digital twins, reproducing the structure and functionality of real objects in digital form, make it possible to optimize design, testing and production, reducing time and costs. The paper highlights the methods of creating such twins, starting with the formation of a geometric model and ending with the annotation of models for their use in various CAD systems. Special attention is paid to the application of artificial intelligence methods and technologies to automate design and production processes, including machine learning, expert systems and algorithmic modeling. In conclusion, the importance of integrating digital twins into a single enterprise information system is emphasized, which makes it possible to improve the quality of design and production through more complete use of available data and knowledge about products. The results of the study can be applied in various industries, including the automotive industry and energy, where details of the type of rotating bodies play a key role.
Keywords: digital twin; ontology; CAD; object class.

M. R. Safiullin (Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan); M. D. Sharifullin (Center for Advanced Economic Research of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan); Y. E. Rzhevskaya (Educational Educational Institution «University of Management «TISBI», Kazan)

Decentralized finance and its role in the development of regional economic systems under the pressure of sanctions

In the article, a macroeconomic model is developed based on the systematization of macroeconomic effects arising within the framework of the potential transition of regional economic systems to the practice of using DeFi in transnational settlements. It is based on a system for searching for externalities that assess the sensitivity coefficients of the financial and economic system of a region to the hypothetical use of DeFi instruments in the system of organizing transnational settlements under the conditions of sanctions restrictions on the use of traditional financial instruments.
Keywords: decentralized finance (DeFi); blockchain; financial markets; sanctions pressure; export-import operations; international payments; region; macroeconomic externalities; economic growth.

M. V. Pyanova, N. N. Bashkirova (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

New regions economic integration tax aspects

The current process of the new territories integration into a single socio-economic space of the Russian Federation is a multi-stage process, the complexity of which is caused by differences in the level of development of the economy, social infrastructure and legal institutions of the regions, which is aggravated by serious destruction of social, economic and transportation infrastructure. The article considers possible directions of using fiscal instruments to stimulate the economy of new regions, which is necessary to ensure full integration into the legal, economic and social space of the Russian Federation and the creation of their own revenue base of regional budgets. Examples of the experience of fiscal integration of Germany and GDR (completed process) and China and Hong Kong (transition period at the moment) are given and the main features of fiscal integration mechanisms are considered. The limited possibility of their use in the Russian economic realities is shown. Possible directions of tax policy implementation are considered, with the help of which the new regions will be able to reach a sustainable trajectory of socio-economic development, restoration and replenishment of the lost production potential, achievement of a comparable level of regional development. Recommendations are offered with regard to the instruments of tax policy to give investment impetus to the regional economy, aimed at creating and strengthening their own revenue base of regional budgets.
Keywords: tax incentives for the new regions economy; tax incentives regional peculiarities; economic integration.

A. M. Belyaev (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

About the shortage of labor resources and some aspects of the work of advanced engineering schools

The article analyzes the causes of the shortage of labor resources in a number of sectors of Russian industry, healthcare, and social services. The uneven distribution of the unemployment rate and indicators of demand for personnel and labor supply by regions of the country is shown. The importance of the factor of close interaction between the labor market and the current education system was noted. Within the framework of state support for the reproduction of labor resources, some problems of the initial stage of the functioning of engineering schools are analyzed, recommendations are formulated to ensure the symbiosis of their participants.
Keywords: unemployment; labor market; shortage; personnel; demand; supply; advanced engineering school; university; industrial partner.

Mohammed Haifa Abdo Mohammed (St Petersburg University, St Petersburg)

Features of Egypt's investment programs aimed at environmental protection

Effective internal control of environmental investment programs is a key factor in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals in Egypt. At the same time, previous studies do not fully disclose the specifics of the organization of internal control in relation to environmental investment projects in a developing economy. The purpose of the work is to identify key features based on the analysis of the Egyptian experience and identify promising areas for the development of the internal control system of investments in the field of environmental protection. The study is based on a systematic and comparative analysis of regulatory and policy documents, statistical data characterizing the parameters and dynamics of «green» investment projects in Egypt. The use of a structural and functional approach made it possible to identify key components and assess the overall effectiveness of the current internal control system. It has been established that the scale and effectiveness of environmental investment in Egypt are determined by the quality of goal-setting and strategic planning, the level of interdepartmental coordination, and the availability of uniform «green» standards for all participants in the investment process. The current stage of development of the internal control system is characterized by the active introduction of sustainability principles into national investment plans.
Keywords: investment programs; environmental protection; internal control; government investment programs of Egypt.

B. S. Bataeva, A. A. Pomulev (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

Development of ESG rating tools for Russian regions using artificial intelligence technology

The relevance is due to the growing role of the sustainable development agenda in the country, which is reflected in the May decrees of the President of Russia for 2024. The difference in the results of assessing the regions in the form of ESG ratings obtained by various agencies gives rise to questions among stakeholders about the reasons for such disagreements. The purpose of the study is to develop a methodology for constructing an ESG rating of regions based on national indicators of sustainable development using artificial intelligence (AI) technology. The scientific novelty of the study lies in improving the methodology for constructing ESG ratings of regions, which helps to assess the performance of regional authorities, as well as investors, when making investment decisions. The authors used the following scientific research methods: theoretical (deduction and induction, logical method, comparison method) and empirical (economic observation, monitoring, economic and mathematical modeling, machine learning). The key criteria contributing to the achievement of the goals of sustainable development of regions are systematized, their significance is substantiated. An indicator is proposed that takes into account the level of negativity in the news environment, since Negative news can significantly affect the reputation of a region. A bad reputation can demotivate investors, tourists and qualified specialists, which will negatively affect the economic development of the region. To calculate the indicator using natural language processing tools (TF-IDF) and machine learning, a model for classifying the tonality of Russian regional news has been developed for the first time. The developed model allows measuring and taking into account the regional news background in the ESG rating of regions. It is concluded that the ESG rating of regions has a sufficient degree of objectivity, disagreements were obtained only for those regions that do not disclose the indicators required by Rosstat in reports on the national set of sustainable development goals. The introduction of the ESG rating results into the indicators for assessing regional authorities can significantly increase their accountability and transparency. And the use of machine learning will not only generalize a large array of data, but also reduce the subjectivity of expert assessments. The article will be useful for government agencies and practicing specialists in the field of sustainable development. The prospect of further research is associated with the development of a model that will take into account key news topics and synthesize new indicators for the rating.
Keywords: sustainable development; region; ESG rating; ESG criteria; machine learning; regional news background.

A. G. Nesterenko, S. I. Shepeluk, Sh. A. Osmanov, D. E. Zavyalov (Saint-Petersburg State Fire Service University of EMERCOM of Russia, St. Petersburg)

New approaches to improvement civil defense systems of the Russian federation based on international experience in operating a united cluster system for coordination of humanitarian response for emergencies

The article is devoted to the development of new areas of public protection and civil defense using international experience in the functioning of a unified cluster system for coordinating humanitarian response to emergencies. New approaches and basic principles of the development of civil defense and protection of the population from emergency situations at the present stage are proposed. This approaches have been developed with the use of international experience in the operation of a unified cluster system for coordinating humanitarian response to emergencies.
Keywords: civil defense; new approaches; cluster system; coordination of humanitarian response; emergencies.

A. G. Nesterenko, S. I. Shepeluk, Sh. A. Osmanov, D. E. Zavyalov (Saint-Petersburg State Fire Service University of EMERCOM of Russia, St. Petersburg)

Practical recommendations for implementing the most effective elements of the cluster system for humanitarian response coordination for UN emergencies in the civil defense system of the Russian Federation

The article is devoted to the development of practical recommendations for the implementation of the most effective elements of the cluster system for coordinating humanitarian response to UN emergencies in the civil defense system of the Russian Federation. The analysis of the tasks assigned to the unified system of civil defense and protection of the population from emergency situations is given. Within the framework of solving the tasks of civil defense and protection of the population, the most effective elements of the cluster system for coordinating humanitarian response have been selected.
Keywords: unified system of civil defense and protection of the population; cluster system; coordination of humanitarian response; tasks of civil defense; elements of the cluster system.

A. A. Abilova (L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan); Sh. Niyazbekova (Moscow Witte University, Moscow); A. B. Mottaeva, Dr. Econom. Science (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

Design of solar cell for spacecraft

The paper is a study of the design of a solar panel for use in spacecraft. Review and analysis of existing technologies and materials, and static analysis of the studied solar panel are provided. The conclusion provides recommendations for the choice of material in order to increase the efficiency and durability of the solar panel.
Keywords: spacecraft; solar panel; gallium arsenide; silicon.

K. N. Gatsunaev (NIU Moscow State University, Moscow)

Socio-economic factors of metalworking development in the Modern era

The article is devoted to the analysis of the impact of a complex of socio-economic factors on the development of metalworking during the New Time both in our country and abroad. The source base of the study is statistical data and materials of the industry technical press of the studied period. The aim of the work is to identify and systematize the main socio-economic factors of the dynamic development of forging and stamping and metal forming in the 18th - early 20th centuries. The methodological basis for solving research problems was comparative historical and statistical methods. As a result of the study, the main socio-economic factors of the development of metalworking in the specified chronological period were identified and summarized.
Keywords: industrialization; history; government support; metalworking; metal structures; industrial revolution; economy.