A. S. Govorkov, S. B. Stadnikov (Irkutsk national research technical university, Irkutsk)

Predictive analytics for enhancing reliability and operational efficiency of high-tech CNC equipment and robotic systems

The article examines modern approaches to improving the reliability and efficiency of high-tech equipment with numerical control (CNC) and robotic systems based on predictive analytics methods. The necessity of transitioning from scheduled maintenance to intelligent condition monitoring strategies is substantiated. It is shown that the integration of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) technologies and big data analytics methods makes it possible to significantly reduce the probability of failures and optimize production processes.
Keywords: predictive analytics; CNC; digitalization; IoT; machine learning; equipment reliability.

 

I. V. Deryabin (Togliatti State University, Togliatti)

Trends and promising technologies in mechanical engineering (review)

The article summarizes and presents the latest achievements in the field of advanced engineering technologies, including automation, robotics, additive manufacturing, artificial intelligence and sustainable design. The study offers a perspective on the long-term impact of these technologies and provides a comprehensive overview of their integration into machine and equipment development. The analysis of the transformation of the design, production and maintenance of machines using artificial intelligence and machine learning is carried out. The crucial role of energy-efficient equipment, environmentally friendly production processes and materials in addressing issues of sustainable development is noted.
Keywords: engineering; additive technology; manufacturing; automation; artificial intelligence; sustainable development; robotics.

 

A. M. Laffakh (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow) 

Analysis of the dynamics and factors of development of public transport production in the Russian Federation

This article, based on a retrospective analysis of empirical data and industry reviews, examines the dynamics of production of key types of public transport rolling stock in the Russian Federation amid macroeconomic turbulence, sanctions, and industrial restructuring. It examines the institutional, technological, and market determinants influencing the production of buses, trams, trolleybuses, electric buses, and metro cars. Furthermore, the study identifies divergent development trajectories for individual segments. Deep stagnation in some segments (the trolleybus sector and certain bus classes) is combined with relative stability and technological modernization in others (metro car manufacturing and tram manufacturing). Particular attention is paid to the role of public procurement, preferential leasing mechanisms, localization requirements, as well as the impact of debt financing costs and rising component prices. The paper substantiates the conclusion that a new economic model is emerging, where the key factor is the adaptation of producers to changing external conditions while maintaining a high dependence on budget incentives and concession schemes. Based on the analysis, directions for state industrial and transport policy aimed at the balanced development of the industry are proposed.
Keywords: public transport; industrial production; import substitution; government support; sanctions restrictions; transport policy.

 

K. V. Kharchenko (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

Design of a digital platform to support inventors and innovators: from import substitution to technological leadership of the Russian federation

The article raises the issue of the need to increase attention to the activities of inventors, who can become a key link in ensuring the exponential growth of the innovation economy. The aim of the study is to provide a conceptual justification for a comprehensive support system for inventors and innovators that ensures financial, legal, organizational, and human resource conditions for their professional activities, as well as strong motivation for creative work. The research methods used include structural-functional analysis, analogy, abstraction, generalization, and theoretical modeling. The key problems in the field of invention and innovation are identified, and the objectives of the proposed system are formulated. Two approaches to the logic of state support for inventions are presented: «initiative-driven» and «task-driven». The importance of a special competence of civil servants is emphasized, consisting in the purposeful creation of demand for inventions and innovations. A concept of a digital platform to support inventors and innovators is proposed, incorporating key elements such as a pool of participants in inventive activity (taking into account their functional roles), a pool of projects and tasks, a pool of invention support tools, and a human resource reproduction framework. The expected effects of the proposed support system include the creation of favorable conditions for inventive creativity, ensuring a full project implementation cycle, and eliminating barriers to the development of the innovation economy. The conclusion is drawn that support for inventive and innovative activities is an essential condition for strengthening the technological sovereignty and achieving the technological leadership of the Russian Federation.
Keywords: inventors; innovators; participants in inventive activity; digital platform; state support; innovation project; human resource reproduction; technological sovereignty; technological leadership.

 

A. Zh. Zubets (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

The «Made in China 2025» Program: achievements, critical analysis, and global technological competition

This article summarizes the implementation of the "Made in China 2025" plan through 2026. It analyzes actual import substitution indicators and the evolution of China's state support for its industry through the MIC 2025 program. It concludes that the program has been successful in a significant number of technological development areas, while some development goals have been forced to be postponed to the 2030s and the long-term structural costs of China's industrial development model are underscored.
Keywords: «Made in China 2025»; import substitution; semiconductors; technological sovereignty; US export controls; industrial policy; government subsidies.

 

R. A. Polonchuk (MGIMO University, Moscow)

Dual-use microelectronics in China: sanctions challenges and opportunities for Russia

The article analyzes the initiatives and strategic plans of China’s leadership aimed at strengthening cooperation between Russia and China in the field of dual-use microelectronics production under current conditions. Particular emphasis is placed on assessing promising areas for the development of Russian–Chinese cooperation in this field.
Keywords: microelectronics; production; Russia; China; cooperation.

 

S. V. Kurovsky, D. A. Mishin (Higher School of Education LLC, Odintsovo); K. V. Osipov (DIMES LLC, Moscow); D. D. MIKHALIN (Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow)

Development and experimental verification of a digital twin of a metal-cutting machine with an adaptive thermal deformation compensation system based on machine learning

The relevance of the issue under consideration is determined by the dominant influence of uneven heating of structural components of metal-cutting equipment on the positioning error, which reaches 80 % under precision machining conditions. The aim of the work is to develop and experimentally verify a digital twin of a metal–cutting machine with an adaptive thermal deformation compensation system based on machine learning algorithms. A thermal field model has been formed that combines an analytical description of heat transfer with a recurrent neural network architecture.; The reduction of the RMS positioning error by 82,4 % with a computational response time of 7,8 ms has been experimentally confirmed; the system's resistance to fluctuations in ambient temperature, variations in technological parameters and wear of the cutting tool has been shown.
Keywords: digital twin; metal cutting machine; thermal deformations; machine learning; adaptive control; recurrent neural networks; processing accuracy.

 

S. V. Kurovsky, D. A. Mishin (Higher School of Education LLC, Odintsovo); M. Iu. Iudin (Biship LLC, Saint Petersburg)

Methods of selection and processing of corrosion-resistant steels for high-pressure hydraulic valves for marine applications

The purpose of the work is to substantiate the methods of selection and processing of corrosion–resistant steels for parts of high-pressure hydraulic valves for marine applications. The main results of the scientific research: the features of operation of distribution electromagnetic pilot valves in marine conditions are reflected; the nomenclature of corrosion-resistant steels for the manufacture of valve mechanism parts is substantiated; a model for choosing the material and processing of corrosion-resistant steels is presented, taking into account the requirements of tightness and resource of the hydraulic assembly.
Keywords: high-pressure hydraulic valves; marine hydraulic equipment; corrosion-resistant steels; marine environment; heat treatment of steels; mechanical processing of parts; tightness of hydraulic channels.

 

E. V. Garnyshova, E. V. Izmaylova (Kazan State Power Engineering University, Kazan)

Thermal insulation as a way to increase the energy efficiency of water-water heat exchange equipment

The efficiency of a thermal power station (TPS) is directly dependent on the performance of the various components of the system, and one of the key components is the heat exchangers. In this paper, water-water heat exchange equipment (WHEE) is considered, and the installation of thermal insulation is one of the most effective methods to improve its energy efficiency. This is achieved through the use of materials that meet the requirements of thermal efficiency, operational reliability and durability, fire and environmental safety. One of the seis a nanomaterial called aerogel. The purpose is to improve the performance of the heat exchanger, which in turn will reduce fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. The COMSOL Multiphysics software simulated the processes occurring inside the heat exchange equipment (HEE) and the HEE itself with insulation of the old type (basalt superfine fiber) and the new type (aerogel thermal sleeve). The results of modeling, comparison of thickness and surface areas of insulations, heat losses and calculation of efficiency of HEE with these types of insulations are shown. To improve the energy efficiency of water-to-water heat exchange equipment, it is proposed to replace the thermal insulation with a thermal cover made of aerogel fiber.
Keywords: thermal power station (TPS); efficiency; heat exchange equipment (HEE); efficiency; insulation; aerogel; modeling; COMSOL Multiphysics.

 

S. R. Shekhtman, S. N. Grigoryev V. V. Erofeev (MSUT «STANKIN», Moscow)

Engineering criteria for selecting SLM and DED in the manufacturing and restoration of impellers of different sizes

The paper develops an engineering approach to selecting an additive manufacturing technology for the fabrication and repair of complex-profile impellers of various sizes. The aim is to determine the rational application areas of selective laser melting (SLM/LPBF) and directed energy deposition (DED) with regard to part geometry, life-cycle stage, and surface quality requirements. Impellers are considered as the base object of analysis because they combine thin blades, complex flow-path geometry, and increased demands on dimensional accuracy, surface integrity, and rotor balancing. Based on the engineering analysis, a size-based classification of impellers, a decision matrix for selecting SLM or DED, and process routes for both new-part manufacturing and restoration of worn areas are proposed. The required set of post-processing and quality-control operations is defined, including thermal stress relief, finishing, non-destructive testing, 3D geometric inspection, and balancing. It is shown that SLM is most appropriate for manufacturing small and medium-sized impellers with complex geometry, thin blades, and enclosed interblade passages, whereas DED is more suitable for the local repair of medium and large impellers when the damaged area is accessible and sufficient allowance is available for subsequent machining. It is established that the performance of the part is strongly affected by the roughness of internal surfaces, residual stresses, and the condition of the surface layer, which makes post-processing an essential part of the overall process route. The practical significance of the work lies in the development of a technological framework applicable to the preparation of manufacturing and repair processes for impellers and to the subsequent experimental validation of the proposed solutions.
Keywords: additive manufacturing; SLM; DED; impeller; complex-profile parts; Ti-6Al-4V; post-processing; repair; process route.

 

A. V. Krasnov (Togliatti State University, Togliatti)

Investigation of the acoustic efficiency of multilayer insulating partitions of car bodies

A study of the sound-absorbing and sound-insulating properties of vehicle body partitions separating space of passenger compartment and luggage compartment was carried out. Samples made of multilayer structures of materials containing a load-bearing base of dense airtight or fibrous air-penetrable material, and lining layers of their non-woven needle-punched material were evaluated. According to the test results, the highest sound absorption efficiency in the frequency range of 400-10000 Hz was found in samples containing an air-permeable bearing base. At the same time, the difference in the soundproofing efficiency of the studied samples is most significant at frequencies above 2000 Hz. The effect of insulating partitions on noise levels and articulation indices measured in the passenger compartment of vehicle when driving on asphalt-paved road is estimated.
Keywords: sound level; car; passenger compartment; insulating partition; air-penetrable structure; sound absorption coefficient.

 

N. Yu. Kretinin, O. N. Mitrofanova (Lipetsk State Technical University, Lipetsk)

Cost reduction and optimization of the production model using additive technologies using the example of manufacturing the shaped part of the pipeline «Flange tee D100»

The article is devoted to solving an urgent production problem – reducing the cost and optimizing the technological cycle of manufacturing shaped cast iron parts «Flange Tee D100» (nomenclature of LTK Svobodny Sokol LLC) by introducing additive technologies (FDM printing) into the processes of preparing casting tooling and core equipment. The authors consider a technological scheme: design and 3D printing of model tooling and rod boxes made of plastic (FDM) with the ability to accurately reproduce complex geometric elements (rod marks, flange holes). The key result was the production of finished castings with cast holes in the flange part that do not require mechanical modification. Comparative calculations of the time spent on tooling manufacturing and machining, as well as cost calculations, are presented. It is concluded that there is a significant reduction in the share of manual labor, a reduction in material costs and long-term economic efficiency in serial and small-scale production. The work confirms the expediency of widespread implementation of FDM printing for foundry tooling in metallurgy and machine-building enterprises.
Keywords: additive technologies; FDM printing; foundry tooling; flange tee D100; cost reduction; technology optimization; cold-hardening mixtures; mechanical processing.

 

Yu. N. Shedko (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

Sustainable development and transformation of integrated control systems in the forging and stamping industry

This paper examines how integrated management systems support sustainable development within a management philosophy that enables successful management of production processes and the achievement of desired results. It demonstrates how production planning and intelligent process control effectively reduce production costs, improve product quality, ensure energy conservation and emission reduction in the production process, and facilitate the further intelligent development of forging and stamping production. It is argued that the conceptual model of an intelligent process control system should fulfill four functions: modeling and forecasting the future state of production, virtual representation of the production process in real time, providing access to past production and quality records, and decision support.
Keywords: integrated control systems; sustainable development; forging and stamping industry; intelligent production lines; production planning; multi-objective optimization algorithms; intelligent control and monitoring.

 

G. A. Gareeva (KNRTU-KAI’s Branch in Naberezhnye Chelny, Naberezhnye Chelny); D. R. Grigorieva (Kazan Federal University – Naberezhnye Chelny Institute, Naberezhnye Chelny); I. I. Frolova, E. M. Maratkanova, M. V. Uvarova (Kazan Innovative University named after V. G. Timiryasov (Naberezhnye Chelny branch), Naberezhnye Chelny) 

A digital tool for dealer network data management in the foreign economic activity of mechanical engineering companies

This article presents the development of a web platform module for registering and processing dealer data for foreign economic activity. The software module, which includes a user interface, server logic, and an integrated data warehouse, is designed to collect, pre-process, and structure information necessary for internal audits and compliance checks of potential counterparties.
Keywords: software module; data management; foreign economic activity; dealers; counterparties; data registration and processing; SQLite; PyCharm; Django Templates; HTML.

 

G. A. Gareeva (KNRTU-KAI’s Branch in Naberezhnye Chelny, Naberezhnye Chelny); I. Yu. Myshkina, A. G. Fayzullina (Kazan Federal University – Naberezhnye Chelny Institute, Naberezhnye Chelny); A. A. Mirsaitova, E. M. Khairutdinova (Kazan Innovative University named after V. G. Timiryasov (Naberezhnye Chelny branch), Naberezhnye Chelny) 

IT asset management in the enterprise: development of an equipment scanning and inventorying application

This article presents the development of an equipment scanning and inventorying application aimed at automating IT asset accounting. Automating processes eliminates manual entry errors and prevents data duplication and loss. The resulting digital asset management ecosystem ensures transparency and is a key factor in improving enterprise economic efficiency.
Keywords: application; management; inventory; accounting; IT assets; IT equipment; scanning; SQLite; Visual Studio Code; Flask.

 

M. I. Sedykh, A. V. Demidov (MSUT «STANKIN», Moscow)

Optimization of material flow and scheduling using dynamic operation standardization based on visual recognition of tools and objects with the ESP32-CAM module and neural network models

The article proposes a method for optimizing material flow and scheduling of production operations based on dynamic standardization of operation execution time. The method is implemented using an embedded system based on the ESP32-CAM module, equipped with a camera and a Wi-Fi module, and a convolutional neural network (CNN) trained to recognize tools and objects in the work area using visual markers. The system records the actual state of the production area in real time, compares it with the technological process, and adjusts operation performance standards. The conducted experiments showed a reduction in deviations from the planned schedule by 22–35 % and an increase in equipment utilization rate by 18 %. The proposed approach ensures adaptability to changing production conditions and improves scheduling accuracy.
Keywords: dynamic standardization; material flow; scheduling; ESP32-CAM; convolutional neural network; tool recognition; digital manufacturing; Industry 4.0.

 

K. E. Lukichev (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

On the issue of labeling goods with control (identification) marks in the era of digitalization

The article examines the relationship between the fourth industrial revolution and modern financial instruments in the context of the digital transformation of the economy. The influence of technological innovations on the formation of a new paradigm of financial management is analyzed. Special attention is paid to the role of artificial intelligence, blockchain and robotic systems in optimizing production and financial processes. The key aspects of digitalization of the financial sector, including automation of processes, predictive analytics and cybersecurity systems, are considered. The author emphasizes that the integration of advanced technologies creates a synergistic effect that helps to increase business efficiency. Innovative approaches to financial flow management in the digital economy based on the principles of automation and instant adaptation to market changes are presented.
Keywords: production processes; financial management; digital tools; big data; financial innovation; digital economy; industry 4.0.

 

V. M. Sharapova, N. V. Sharapova, A. Yu. Popov (Ural State University of Economics, Yekaterinburg)

Specific features of the evaluation, recording, and management of recoverable waste in metallurgy and mechanical engineering enterprises

This article examines the regulatory framework and issues related to the valuation, accounting, and management of recyclable waste generated by metallurgical and machine-building enterprises. It analyzes the definition of recyclable waste and formulates its distinctions from by-products. The study highlights the conflict in aligning provisions of regulatory acts concerning the valuation and accounting of recyclable waste in the context of ongoing accounting reforms in the Russian Federation, and substantiates the application of fair value when recognizing recyclable waste in accounting records. The paper reveals the accounting practices for recyclable waste among industrial enterprises in the Ural region, noting an insufficient level of disclosure regarding recyclable waste in financial statements. Finally, it proposes directions for improving recyclable waste management through the use of modern digital models to reduce the share of recyclable waste, ensure its effective subsequent use or disposal, and adhere to the principles of lean production.
Keywords: recyclable waste; by-products; material expenses; cost of sales (or production cost); fair value; planned accounting prices; waste-free production.

 

L. K. Babayan (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

Implementation of public-private partnerships in the creation of industrial infrastructure for critical raw materials projects

Under the conditions of sanctions restrictions, structural transformation of the economy, and the transition to a policy of technological sovereignty, the effective use of public-private partnership (PPP) mechanisms for the creation of industrial infrastructure that enables critically important raw material projects becomes particularly significant, especially in remote and climatically challenging regions of Russia. The aim of the article is to analyze the applicability of PPP mechanisms in the creation of industrial infrastructure for raw material projects, to identify key risks, and to develop an author’s risk matrix as a tool for allocating responsibilities between public and private partners. The object of the study is the industrial infrastructure created to support critically important raw material projects. The subject of the study comprises the organizational and economic relations arising between public and private partners in the implementation of PPP projects, as well as the risks associated with such projects. The analysis shows that classical PPP mechanisms developed for municipal and social infrastructure cannot be mechanically transferred to industrial projects due to the risk of uncontrolled growth of contingent budget liabilities.
Keywords: public-private partnership; industrial infrastructure; raw material projects; risk matrix; technological sovereignty; sanctions restrictions. 

 

I. A. Rozhdestvenskaya, A. I. Kabalinskiim (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation)

Regional industrial complexes as growth factors of the national economy

The article draws attention to the close relationship between regional development and development at the national level, as well as the dependence of many system-forming activities on the level of development of the industrial segment, the factors that, in modern conditions, form incentives for the development of industrial parks in Russian regions are identified as the most important elements of modern industrial policy aimed at achieving the technological sovereignty of the country and the sustainable socio-economic development of its regions.
Keywords: regions; industry; national economy; interconnection; development; minimization of dependence on the external environment.

 

L. S. Medvedeva; N. S. Zemlyakova (Don State Technical University, Rostov-na-Donu)

Spatial development of the southern macroregion

The study is devoted to the urgent problem of spatial development of regional systems in conditions of increasing unevenness of territorial development. The southern macroregion of Russia is of particular interest for the analysis of spatial processes due to the exceptional diversity of natural and geographical conditions, the complex demographic situation and the significant differentiation of socio-economic development between the subjects. The aim of the work is a comprehensive assessment of the spatial development of the Southern macroregion of Russia and the development of recommendations for improving territorial planning mechanisms to ensure balanced growth of all territories.
Keywords: spatial development; Southern macroregion; territorial imbalances; regional economy; agglomerations; transport infrastructure; innovation clusters; balanced development.

 

S. A. Zudenkova (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

Management of innovation infrastructure of an industrial region

The article examines the features of managing innovation infrastructure in industrial regions. Based on an analysis of best regional practices in innovation infrastructure management, key problems are identified: fragmentation of management, information deficit, and non-adaptability of instruments. To solve these problems, a management model is proposed that includes structural, process, functional, evaluation blocks, and an adaptation block. The results can serve as a roadmap for regional authorities.
Keywords: innovation infrastructure; industrial region; adaptive management model; management; innovation development.

 

L. K. Babayan (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

The role of high-quality strategic planning in the formation of industrial potential of regions

The relevance of the study is driven by the need to improve the effectiveness of regional industrial policy amid structural economic transformation and the pursuit of technological sovereignty. The mere formal presence of strategic documents in many constituent entities of the Russian Federation does not always translate into actual growth of industrial potential, which necessitates identifying the instrumental characteristics of the strategic planning process that determine its effectiveness. The aim of this work is to identify and empirically assess the role of high-quality strategic planning as an institutional factor shaping the industrial potential of regions (using the example of constituent entities of the Russian Federation). 
Keywords: strategic planning; industrial potential; quality of public governance; regional development; industrial policy; technological sovereignty.

 

N. A. Almerekov (Kazakh-German University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan); T. M. Tokmurzin, E. V.

Razumova (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)
Problems of development of the Russian timber industry

The article analyzes the state of the timber industry in the Russian Federation based on statistical data for the period 2018–2025. The key problems and negative factors affecting the functioning of the Russian timber industry at the present stage are considered.  Possible development scenarios are formulated and directions for improving state policy in the field of the timber industry are proposed.
Keywords: timber industry; sanctions adaptation; priority investment projects; export reorientation; industrial policy; technological sovereignty.

 

I. V. Sergeev, I. A. Mamedova (Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

Digitalization of customs administration as a tool for achieving technological sovereignty and strengthening the economy

The article examines the role of customs administration digitalization in ensuring the technological sovereignty of the Russian Federation and strengthening its economic potential. Based on the analysis of official strategic documents of the Federal Customs Service of Russian Federation, public declarations of the agency's goals and objectives for 2025-2026, as well as reporting data on the customs authorities performance, key areas of informatization are considered: improving the processes of declaring goods, conducting customs control mainly at the stage after the release of goods, modernizing the risk management system based on machine learning principles, information system reengineering and the creation of new EAIS TO 2.0 services, the intellectualization of the risk management system, as well as the formation of a promising model of an «intelligent» checkpoint. It is shown that the digital transformation of customs simultaneously solves the tasks of fiscal efficiency, reducing the administrative costs of foreign trade participants and ensuring the stability of critical information infrastructure in the face of external sanctions restrictions. The priority directions of further development are formulated.
Keywords: digitalization; customs administration; technological sovereignty; import substitution; EAIS TO; risk management system; auto release; electronic declaration centers; intelligent checkpoint; Federal Customs Service of Russian Federation; declaration of goods; customs control; reengineering.

 

O. V. Zhuravleva, D. S. Sotnikov, B. A. Vakulenko (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

Assessment of credit risk of metallurgical enterprises based on inter-industry and intra-industry analysis

This article examines the problem of assessing the credit risk of enterprises in the metallurgical industry, taking into account its financial and technological specifics. The need to adjust universal scoring models when analyzing industrial borrowers, whose financial performance significantly depends on asset structure, production cycle length, fixed asset value and financing needs, is substantiated. A two-tier approach to assessing the credit risk of metallurgical enterprises is proposed. The first tier compares metallurgy with other industries. The second tier provides an intra-industry breakdown of metallurgical production by OKVED subgroups. To interpret the results, industry-specific and intra-industry coefficients have been developed, allowing for consideration of both the differences between metallurgy and other economic sectors, as well as the differences between individual metallurgical production facilities. The practical significance of this study lies in the applicability of the proposed approach to credit analysis of enterprises for the approval of loans, factoring, bank guarantees and other financing instruments.
Keywords: credit risk; metallurgy; industry coefficients; intra-industry coefficients; Altman model; bank scoring; inter-industry comparison; pressure processing of materials; heavy industry.

 

P. V. Bochkov (Ural State University of Economics, Yekaterinburg)

Strategic development of monocentric industrial clusters in the Sverdlovsk region

The article examines the features of the strategic development of monocentric industrial clusters using the example of the Sverdlovsk region, one of the most industrially developed regions of Russia with a high concentration of urban enterprises. The relevance of the work is determined by the need to diversify the economies of single-industry towns and old industrial territories in the context of the transition to technological sovereignty. The author clarifies the concept of a monocentric industrial cluster in relation to the specifics of the Middle Urals, highlights its distinctive features: the presence of an anchor enterprise, a high degree of cooperative dependence of small and medium-sized businesses, territorial connection to a single-industry town, and low product line diversification. Based on the analysis of existing cluster structures in the region, including the Titanium Valley, the Ural Industrial Cluster in Novouralsk, pharmaceutical and IT clusters, as well as educational and industrial associations within the framework of the Professionalism project, systemic limitations of the existing clustering model have been identified: institutional fragmentation, weak innovation activity of small and medium-sized participants, lack of investment in joint research and development. Proposals have been formulated for the transition from point-to-point support of anchor enterprises to the formation of cluster ecosystems with the participation of universities, technology transfer centers and development institutes, which is especially relevant in the light of the instructions of Acting Governor Denis Pasler on updating the Strategy of socio-economic Development of the region until 2035. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of applying the proposed approaches to the development of regional spatial development strategies. It is conditioned by the need to diversify the economies of single-industry territories in the context of sanctions restrictions, the disruption of logistics chains and the transition to technological sovereignty. The paper substantiates the need to move from point-to-point support for anchor participants to the formation of a three-level ecosystem, including the diversification of orders through venture funds, the creation of centers for collective access to equipment and open innovation laboratories based on the Ural Federal University and branch institutes of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The proposed recommendations can be used in updating the Strategy of socio-economic Development of the Sverdlovsk region until 2035, as well as in developing similar documents in other old industrial regions of Russia.
Keywords: monocentric cluster; industrial cluster; strategic development; Sverdlovsk region; single-industry towns; technological sovereignty; diversification; innovation ecosystem; cluster policy; regional resilience.

 

A. V. Semenov, Sh. U. Niyazbekova (Moscow Witte University; Research and Education Center «Sustainable development», Moscow); N. B. Tuzanovich (Russian State University of Social Technologies, Moscow); E. Torbik, E. Petukhova (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow); S. Gusev (RGAU–Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev, Moscow)

Development of industrial lending in European countries in market conditions

The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that credit is one of the key mechanisms for financing industrial production in a market economy. The article notes that industry is characterized by high capital intensity, long investment cycles, and a need for constant technological updates, which creates a steady demand for external financial resources. The study examines European countries that have accumulated extensive experience in organizing credit relations in the industrial sector. The purpose of the study is to investigate the features and trends of industrial lending in European countries in a market environment. To achieve this goal, the following tasks need: to reveal the essence, functions, and principles of industrial lending; to characterize the main forms and instruments of industrial credit; to identify the institutional features of industrial lending in leading European countries; to determine the role of central banks and public development institutions; to analyze current trends, problems, and prospects for the development of industrial lending in Europe. The object of the study is the system of industrial lending in European countries. The subject of the study is the economic relations that arise in the process of lending to industrial enterprises in a market economy. 
Keywords: lending to the industry; territorial coverage; availability of credit; effective industries; implementation of capital-intensive modernization projects; digitalization of the credit process

 

M. M. Imamov (Kazan Federal University, Kazan)

Accounting for the asset specificity of the forging and pressing stage in valuing a machine-building enterprise transitioning to contract manufacturing

The paper considers the methodological problem of valuing a machine-building enterprise that is transitioning from the production of its own final products to the contract manufacture of units and blanks for external customers. The problem is that the applied valuation approaches yield substantially divergent results in such a transition: the cost approach accounts for the assets of the forging and pressing stage at replacement cost without taking into account that a significant part of them (all stamping tooling and specialised automation) is tied to the product range of a particular customer and loses most of its value when the customer changes; the income approach, on the contrary, proves sensitive to assumptions about the contract duration, which are poorly grounded given the transitional nature of the business model. The aim of the work is to propose a valuation adjustment methodology that accounts for the specificity of blank production assets. An asset specificity coefficient is introduced, defined as the share of value not recoverable when the asset is switched to a different product range, and a procedure for its calculation by asset groups is proposed. The approach was tested on data from 21 machine-building enterprises that transitioned to contract manufacturing in 2019–2025. It is established that the discrepancy between the cost-based and income-based valuations averages 34,6 % and reaches 61 % at enterprises with a high share of specialised tooling, while the introduction of the specificity adjustment reduces the discrepancy to 11,8 %. It is shown that the dependence of value on the share of contract manufacturing is non-monotonic: the maximum is reached at a share of 45–60 %, and further growth is accompanied by a decline in value owing to concentration on a limited circle of customers.
Keywords: business valuation; asset specificity; contract manufacturing; forging and pressing stage; stamping tooling; cost approach; income approach; transaction costs.

 

P. I. Chuvakhin (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

The legal regime of industrial clusters and technology parks as an instrument for localising component production for machine building

The article examines the legal regime of industrial clusters, industrial parks and industrial technology parks as an instrument for localising the production of components for machine building. The problem statement stems from the fact that after 2022 the disruption of cooperation links affected not final assembly but intermediate production stages (casting, forging, stamped parts, fasteners), where restoring supplies requires not isolated large projects but the coordinated work of a group of enterprises. The legal constructs of the cluster and the technology park are initially oriented precisely towards such cooperation, yet their application remains limited. The aim of the work is to establish which elements of the current legal regime restrain the use of cluster mechanisms for restoring cooperation chains and to propose directions for their adjustment. The methodology combines formal legal and comparative legal analysis of regulatory acts with an empirical analysis of 63 industrial clusters included in the register of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia and of 89 industrial technology parks, as well as with a survey of 74 management companies and participants. It is established that the share of intra-cluster purchases of components averages 18,4 % against a normatively expected level of at least 20 %, the distribution being strongly skewed: for a quarter of clusters the indicator does not exceed 7 %. It is shown that the main restraining factor is not the absence of support measures but the design of the requirements for the composition of participants, which encourages formal association around a single large enterprise. Proposals are formulated for changing the criteria for inclusion in the register, for introducing sectoral clusters without territorial restriction and for synchronising cluster measures with the contractual mechanisms of industrial policy.
Keywords: industrial cluster; industrial park; industrial technology park; production localisation; cooperation links; components; industrial policy; legal regime.

 

S. A. Polevoy (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

Project management maturity and the performance of technical re-equipment projects at enterprises with a forging and pressing stage

The paper examines the relationship between the maturity level of the project management system of a machine-building enterprise and the performance of its technical re-equipment projects in forging and pressing production. The problem statement stems from an observable contradiction: the volume of investment in modernising the press fleet is growing, while the share of projects completed within the agreed schedule and approved budget remains low, and the causes of failures are regularly classified as technical although they are in fact managerial. The aim is to quantify the contribution of individual components of project management maturity to project performance and to determine the sequence of measures that yields the greatest effect under a limited resource. The methodological basis is a five-level maturity model adapted to the specifics of press and stamping equipment replacement and modernisation projects, an expert assessment of six maturity components, and regression analysis. The empirical base covers 47 machine-building enterprises with their own forging and pressing stage and 213 technical re-equipment projects completed in 2021–2025. It is established that the transition from the second to the third maturity level reduces the average schedule deviation from 44 to 27 % and the budget deviation from 28 to 17 %, while raising the share of projects that achieved their target production indicators from 51 to 68 %. The regression model explains 61 % of the variance in performance; the most significant predictors are the integral maturity level, the competencies of project managers and the presence of a lessons-learned mechanism. It is shown that the least developed and simultaneously the most rewarding components are portfolio management and knowledge management, whereas the acquisition of a project management information system in isolation from them produces a limited effect.
Keywords: project management; project management maturity; technical re-equipment; forging and pressing production; project performance; portfolio management; lessons learned.

 

P. I. Chuvakhin (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

Legal mechanisms for stimulating investment in manufacturing industry: efficiency assessment of special investment contracts and investment protection agreements

Since 2022, the manufacturing industry of the Russian Federation has been undergoing accelerated structural transformation driven by sanctions pressure and the need to ensure technological sovereignty. The state has established a multi-level system of non-financial instruments to support investment activities – special investment contracts (SPIC 1.0 and SPIC 2.0), investment protection and promotion agreements (IPPA), concession mechanisms, and programmes of the Industrial Development Fund – whose legal framework requires comprehensive evaluation. The study aims to conduct a comparative legal analysis of these instruments and to assess their effectiveness in attracting investment into the manufacturing sector over the 2020–2025 period. The methodology includes formal legal, comparative legal and statistical analysis of regulatory acts and of data from the State Industrial Information System (GISP), the Ministry of Industry and Trade and Rosstat. It was found that the total investment obligations under concluded SPIC 2.0 exceeded 736 billion roubles while covering only 26 out of 770 technologies in the approved list, which indicates structural barriers in the competitive selection mechanism. An asymmetry between the declarative breadth of the regulatory framework and the actual demand for individual regimes was identified. Proposals are formulated for harmonising the legal conditions of the various instruments and eliminating regulatory gaps that reduce the investment attractiveness of industries. The practical significance is determined by the possibility of using the results in improving Federal Law No. 488-FZ «On Industrial Policy in the Russian Federation» and the subordinate acts regulating the procedure for concluding SPICs.
Keywords: industrial policy; special investment contract; investment protection agreement; manufacturing industry; import substitution; regulatory environment; investment stimulation.

 

M. M. Imamov (Kazan Federal University, Kazan)

Risk allocation in technical re-equipment projects of blank production under different financing schemes

The paper investigates the dependence of the performance of technical re-equipment projects in machine-building blank production (foundry, forging and pressing, heat treatment) on their financing scheme. The problem statement is determined by the fact that in practice the choice of scheme is made on the basis of the availability and cost of capital, whereas the financing scheme simultaneously determines the allocation of project risks between the initiator, the lender, the equipment supplier and the state, and this allocation in turn affects the probability of successful project completion. The aim of the work is to establish which risk allocation configurations are associated with higher performance and to propose a procedure for selecting a financing scheme that takes into account not only the cost of capital but also the structure of the risks assumed. The methodological basis includes the construction of a matrix allocating eight types of project risk across five financing schemes, the analysis of 58 technical re-equipment projects of blank production implemented in 2019–2025, and the estimation of a logistic regression of the probability of completing a project within the agreed schedule. It is established that the share of projects completed without exceeding the budget by more than 15 % varies across schemes from 34 to 79 %, the relationship with the cost of capital being weak while that with the number of risks transferred to external participants is stable. It is shown that the decisive factor is the transfer of the risk of meeting equipment delivery and commissioning deadlines: schemes in which this risk remains with the initiator produce twice as poor a result regardless of the cost of the funds raised.
Keywords: project financing; risk allocation; technical re-equipment; blank production; concessional loan; equipment leasing; special investment contract.

 

E. A. Yakovleva, A. P. Filimonov (Saint Petersburg State University of Economics, Saint-Petersburg); A. I.

Gubaidullina (Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev, Kazan)
Strategic planning of spatial distribution of industrial production in conditions of risk

The article examines the essence of spatial development of regions in the context of strategic industrial planning and economic security. Planning is not only a means of establishing goals and objectives for territorial development, but also a basis for developing investment, financial, and budgetary (tax) policies, specifying expected results, and substantiating the calculation of planned technical and economic indicators for regional and local development. It is proposed to apply a dynamic format for presenting data, information, and knowledge in the management system, as well as the use of standard units for presenting data, information, and knowledge to coordinate planning work and link the links of the organizational and technological (natural-product) chain in the process of continuous plan formation and implementation, as well as the reverse logical inference of (planning, coordination, organizational) planning decisions. The work offers a new perspective on strategic planning, using modern semiotic methods and logical-linguistic modeling, and emphasizing the importance of creating effective legal and economic structures for work regulations to respond to problems without changing the supporting goals. This can form the basis for further scientific research and publications within the framework of strategic planning of regions and the deployment of production forces. The paper includes an extensive content analysis of regulatory documents on strategic planning. The study is also based on an analysis of statistical data for 2020–2025. A selective analysis of socioeconomic development strategies for the Volga region is also conducted. The statistical data is visualized using the Republic of Tatarstan as an example.
Keywords: regional economy; strategic planning; economic security; investment; public-private partnership; risk; control; big challenges; industry.

 

I. Kh. Utakaeva (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

A hybrid algorithm for optimizing strip metal nesting in cold sheet stamping with a graph representation of the process route

The paper proposes a hybrid algorithm for optimising the nesting of strip and sheet metal for cold sheet stamping operations, distinguished by the fact that the blank placement problem is solved jointly with the problem of selecting the process route represented as a directed acyclic graph. The relevance of the formulation is determined by the fact that the traditional separation of these problems leads to locally optimal solutions: a nesting layout that is optimal for a fixed route ceases to be so when an admissible change in the sequence of operations is allowed, whereas enumerating all combinations of nesting and route is computationally infeasible already for several dozen product items. The purpose of the study is to construct a mathematical model of the joint problem and to develop an algorithm that provides practically acceptable solution quality within a time compatible with the shift-and-day planning horizon. The proposed algorithm combines a genetic search in the space of blank permutations with a local search following the simulated annealing scheme and with a directed traversal of the process route graph; the admissibility of the solution is controlled by a system of constraints on webs, rolling direction and available press force. A computational experiment was carried out on six production tasks of an actual machine-building enterprise, comprising 240 product items in total. The metal utilization coefficient was increased on average from 0,712 to 0,781 relative to the practice applied at the enterprise and by 0,034 relative to the bottom-left-fill heuristic, with an average computation time of 42 s against six hours of manual elaboration. It is shown that the main gain is provided precisely by the joint solution of the problems: with a fixed route the algorithm’s advantage is more than halved.
Keywords: metal nesting; cold sheet stamping; metal utilisation coefficient; hybrid algorithm; genetic algorithm; simulated annealing; graph theory; process route.

 

I. Kh. Utakaeva (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

Ensemble neural network prediction of the residual life of stamping tooling based on industrial monitoring data

The paper addresses the problem of predicting the residual life of cold sheet stamping tooling from industrial monitoring data. The practical significance of the problem is determined by the fact that the planning system for regrinding and replacing dies used at most enterprises relies on a normative operating time set as an average value for a tooling type, whereas the actual life of a particular die deviates from the normative one by a factor of several times, so that some dies are withdrawn from service with unexhausted resource while others are run to catastrophic failure with associated batch rejects and unplanned press downtime. The aim of the work is to build a predictive model of residual life with accuracy sufficient for a transition from normative planning to condition-based planning. The source data cover 186 sets of stamping tooling of a single machine-building enterprise for 2021–2025 and include press force, vibration acceleration and temperature sensor readings, processed material parameters, regrinding and failure logs – 4 128 observations in total. Five models are compared: linear in operating time, proportional hazards regression, gradient boosting, a long short-term memory recurrent network and a stacking-based ensemble. Feature contribution analysis showed that the decisive predictors are the accumulated deformation energy and the pattern of change in peak force over recent shifts, while calendar operating time ranks only fourth.
Keywords: stamping tooling; residual life; condition-based prediction; ensemble models; gradient boosting; recurrent neural networks; industrial monitoring; die life.

 

S. A. Polevoy (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

Building a talent pool of blue-collar occupations in forging and pressing production under the structural deficit of regional labor markets

The article addresses the reproduction of the blue-collar workforce in forging and pressing production at machine-building enterprises in a situation where regional labour markets have ceased to serve as a source of ready-made qualified workers. The relevance stems from a combination of three circumstances: the ageing of personnel employed in the production stage, the declining inflow of graduates from relevant vocational education programmes, and growing competition for labour from industries with more favourable working conditions. The aim of the work is to determine which talent pool models ensure the sustainable replacement of departing forging and pressing workers and under what conditions they are effective. The methodological basis includes an analysis of personnel reporting and vacancies at 34 enterprises across six regions for 2022–2025, a survey of 480 workers of forging and pressing shops, 36 interviews with heads of HR services and a comparative analysis of four talent pool models. It is established that the average time to fill a forging and stamping operator vacancy grew from 94 to 137 days over the period under review, that turnover among workers of the production stage exceeds the enterprise average by a factor of 1,5 and that the share of workers under 30 is 11,2 % with an average age of 47,3 years. It is shown that the highest performance is demonstrated by the internal transfer model with mentoring, and the lowest by direct recruitment from the open market, which nevertheless remains the most widespread. The conclusion is substantiated that the decisive factor of worker retention is not the level of pay as such but the predictability of professional advancement; a ranked list of measures with estimated timeframes and expected effects is proposed.
Keywords: talent pool; labour market; forging and pressing production; staff turnover; mentoring; professional advancement; structural labour shortage.

 

D. V. Kolesnikova (Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow)

Model of strategic human resource management in the context of digital transformation

The article is devoted to the analysis of the modern role of the human resource management system as a key element of an organization’s strategic management. The aim of the study is to identify effective mechanisms for attracting, developing, motivating and retaining employees as a core resource that ensures sustainable growth and the company’s competitiveness, including in heavy industry and mechanical engineering. Particular attention is paid to the transformation of human capital management in the context of digitalization and technological change. The relevance of the study is stipulated by high competition in the labor market, a shortage of qualified specialists and the need to build an engaged and loyal workforce. The scientific novelty lies in a comprehensive approach to HR management as a strategic tool rather than an administrative function. A model is proposed that integrates key HR areas: recruitment, development, motivation, retention and succession planning. The methodological framework is based on theoretical and empirical methods, including comparative analysis and practical experience in implementing HCM platforms. The study concludes that there is a direct relationship between strategic HR management and business performance, as well as the achievement of long-term organizational goals. This publication will be useful for researchers whose interests focus on innovative approaches to HR management and digital transformation processes. Its practical value lies in its relevance for managers, HR departments, and teams responsible for implementing innovation strategies, including the adoption of digital HR solutions.
Keywords: digital transformation; HR management models; HR activities; artificial intelligence (AI); strategic management.

 

O. T. Ergunova, A. G. Somov (Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg); S. I.

Zakharov, M. I. Ryzhikova, S. Yu. Patutina (Ural State University of Economics, Yekaterinburg)
Human capital risk management in the context of artificial intelligence integration into organizational management systems

A theoretical and methodological framework for managing human capital risks during the integration of artificial intelligence into organizational management systems, taking into account the regional context are developed and a toolkit applicable to research and management practice is proposed. The study employs a mixed-methods design integrating a theoretical synthesis of the literature on human capital management, regional development, and digital maturity; analysis of a pilot empirical dataset covering 54 organizations in three Russian megacities (162 expert interviews, 840 employee surveys); a secondary comparative analysis of studies on Arctic, industrial, and metropolitan contexts; cluster analysis to group organizational profiles; and the principles of composite scale development to construct an indicator model of the regional context. Findings: the article shows that human capital risks during AI integration are formed cascadingly, while the regional context modifies them through five mechanisms (labor market capacity, accessibility of educational infrastructure, digital maturity, demographic resilience, and partnership connectivity); the concept of regional compensatory capacity is introduced and a formula for the regionalized human capital vulnerability index is developed; three typical regional profiles are identified (metropolitan, industrial, Arctic/peripheral), and a four-block toolkit for risk management is proposed (diagnostic, educational and compensatory, organizational, and partnership/regional). Originality and significance: unlike existing studies that focus either on the organizational level or on the labor market as a whole, the proposed framework links the intra-organizational and regional levels of human capital risk analysis. The introduced concept of regional compensatory capacity explains why identical technologies produce different consequences in different territorial contexts and operationalizes the transition of AI integration from a risk-generating substitution mode to a compensatory competency-development mode. The results can be used by educational authorities, regional development institutions, and managers of organizations to design educational and personnel policies under conditions of intensive automation of management.
Keywords: human capital; artificial intelligence; risk management; regionalized approach; educational policy; regional differentiation; compensatory capacity.

 

I. A. Volkova, S. V. Danilova, T. A. Galynchik (Nizhnevartovsk State University, Nizhnevartovsk)

Predicting population reproduction in the context of gerontogenicity

The article presents an analysis of the population reproduction process in the subjects of the Ural Federal District, which allowed us to assess the current demographic situation in terms of gerontogenicity and make a forecast of population reproduction. The study of socio-economic vectors of demographic development allowed us to identify and structure the resulting factors and assess their impact. The degree of influence of the factors was evaluated using regression analysis and a mathematical model based on the data from the subjects of the Ural Federal District.
Keywords: population reproduction; population aging; population gerontogeny; forecasting of the reproduction process; regression model; socioeconomic factors.

 

V. V. Molodychenko, E. M. Troitskaya (Melitopol State University, Melitopol)

Life strategies of contemporary students: socio-cultural transformations and worldview guidelines

The article examines the life strategies of student youth under the socio-cultural transformations characteristic of the historical regions of the Russian Federation. The relevance of the topic is determined by the fact that students form their ideas about the future in a highly uncertain environment, where the usual mechanisms of transmitting life experience from the older generation to the younger one work only partially: the trajectories mastered by parents turn out to be irrelevant, while new ones have not yet acquired the status of models. The purpose of the study is to identify a typology of the life strategies of contemporary students and to establish the nature of the relationship between the type of strategy, the value structure of the personality and the horizon of life planning. The empirical basis consists of a questionnaire survey of 612 first- to fourth-year students of Melitopol State University conducted in the 2025/26 academic year, six focus groups (48 participants) and 24 semi-structured interviews; the adapted Schwartz Portrait Values Questionnaire and Rokeach’s terminal value ranking technique were used to diagnose the value structure. Four types of life strategies are identified. It is shown that the key deficit is not the absence of value guidelines, but the gap between the declared value of independence and the actual planning horizon. The results can be used in designing educational work and programmes for supporting professional self-determination at universities in the historical regions.
Keywords: life strategies; students; value orientations; worldview; socio-cultural transformation; time perspective; professional self-determination; historical regions.

 

E. S. Alekseeva (MIREA – Russian Technological University, Moscow)

Application of convolutional neural networks in an information system for classifying occupational safety violations at a forging and pressing site

The article addresses the development of an information system for the automatic classification of occupational safety violations at the forging and pressing site of an industrial enterprise using deep learning methods. The relevance of the work is determined by the fact that metal forming areas remain among the most injury-prone zones of machine-building production: the combination of moving actuators, high workpiece temperatures and a persistent share of manual operations forms a risk profile that conventional visual inspection by the occupational safety service covers only selectively. The purpose of the study is to create a software and analytical solution integrating a convolutional neural network model for the continuous recognition of hazardous situations from a video stream and for reducing the interval between the occurrence of a violation and the managerial response to it. The work provides a comparative analysis of modern convolutional neural network architectures against the «accuracy/computational efficiency» criterion, substantiates the choice of the EfficientNet-B0 model, and describes the preparation and augmentation of a dataset of 12 400 industrial video surveillance frames labelled into four classes (compliance, missing safety helmet, missing protective gloves, presence in the press hazard zone). An information system architecture has been developed comprising a frame capture and pre-processing module, a machine learning module and a web interface for the site dispatcher. Experimental evaluation on an independent test sample of 1 860 frames yielded an Accuracy of 0,94 and an F1-score of 0,94 with a frame processing time of 31 ms, which allows operation at video stream rate on the standard equipment of the site. Following two months of pilot operation, the average time from a violation to a response decreased from 96 to 7 minutes, the share of violations eliminated within a shift rose from 41 to 88 %, and the number of recorded microtraumas fell from nine to four. The results confirm the applicability of the solution as an auxiliary instrument of risk-based occupational safety management at metal forming sites.
Keywords: convolutional neural networks; image classification; occupational safety; industrial injuries; forging and pressing production; EfficientNet; computer vision; risk-based approach.

 

V. P. Chasovskikh, E. V. Kokh (Ural State University of Economics, Yekaterinburg), V. A. Usoltsev (Ural State Forest Engineering University, Yekaterinburg)

The fundamental problem of modern artificial intelligence is the complexity of neural network architectures

This article examines a key problem in modern artificial intelligence: the increasing complexity of neural network architectures, which, on the one hand, expands the functionality of systems, but on the other, reduces their transparency, controllability, and the reliability of their results. The relevance of this work is determined by the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence and growing public distrust of its results: according to NAFI (2023), 48 % of Russians disagree with the idea that artificial intelligence can make decisions better than humans, and approximately 60 % of users verify information obtained from neural networks against other sources. The goal of the study is to substantiate the proposition that the fundamental limitations of generative artificial intelligence are associated not only with the quality of training data and neural network architecture, but also with the classical mathematical model of an artificial neuron, which lacks mechanisms for semantic interpretation, validation, and explanation of results. The study utilized a systems approach, which considers artificial intelligence as an engineering and computational system comprising three components: a computer, software, and data. The results of the study demonstrated that the increasing complexity of neural network architectures (from the McCulloch – Pitts model to LSTM cells) is a natural stage in the development of artificial intelligence, driven by the need to improve the accuracy of data processing. 
Keywords: artificial intelligence; neural networks; network architecture; mathematical model of neurons; fidelity; explainability; theories of computation; Turing; Vapnik; Gödel.

 

M. Iu. Iudin (Biship LLC, Saint Petersburg)

The methodology of selection and technological formation of multilayer bellows for pipe fittings in the processing of materials by pressure

The relevance of the issue under consideration is due to the need to increase the repeatability of the geometry and service life of bellows elements of pipe fittings in mass production, increasing requirements for tightness and cyclic durability, expanding the product range and complicating their operating conditions, as well as the practical need for scientifically sound technological solutions for pressure treatment of materials. The purpose of the work is to develop a methodology for the selection and technological formation of multilayer bellows for pipe fittings during pressure treatment of materials. The main results of the scientific research: the factors influencing the shaping of corrugations and the quality of multilayer bellows are systematized; the principles of choosing the material and condition of the workpiece are determined; the procedure for selecting methods of deformation and thermal cycles is justified; a model of the relationship between technological operations and control characteristics is developed; measures to prevent typical defects of bellows elements are proposed. The practical significance of the research lies in the possibility of applying the developed methodology at armature manufacturing enterprises to reduce defects, increase the stability of the corrugation geometry, increase the resource of bellows assemblies and reduce the time for technological preparation of mass production.
Keywords: multilayer bellows; pipeline fittings; pressure treatment of materials; corrugation; billet condition; process chain; thermal cycles; connection of elements; quality control; cyclic durability; tightness.